AP Biology: Animal Behavior Flashcards

6368652796	ethology	study of animal behavior	0
6368652797	behavior	what an animal does and how it does it	1
6368652798	proximate cause	"how" a behavior occurs or is modified	2
6368652799	ultimate cause	"why" a behavior occurs,	3
6368652800	learned behavior	develops through experience	4
6368652801	innate behavior	animal is born with it	5
6368652802	homeostatic mechanisms	regulating oneself	6
6368652803	feedback mechanisms	regulate growth and reproduction to maintain homeostasis	7
6368652804	negative feedback	maintain internal environments by returning changing condition to set point (negative, taking out)	8
6368652805	taxis	turning of animals' body relative to stimulus +=towards -=avoids ex: geotaxis, phototaxis, chemotaxis	9
6368652806	kinesis	random movement of animal in relation to stimulus	10
6368652807	fixed-action patterns	sequence of unlearned acts that are unchangeable and usually carried to completion	11
6368652808	releaser	When stimuli are exchanged between members of the same species	12
6368652809	migration	regular, long-distance change in location	13
6368652810	circadian rhythm	internal biological clock	14
6368652811	signal	stimulus that causes change in behavior	15
6368652812	learned behaviors	behaviors modified based on specific experience	16
6368652813	habituation	loss of responsiveness to stimuli with little or no meaning	17
6368652814	imprinting	learning and innate components, irreversible	18
6368652815	cognitive mapping	internal representation of spatial relationship among objects in an animals' surroundings	19
6368652816	associative learning	ability to associate one stimulus with another	20
6368652817	classical conditioning	arbitrary stimulus associated with particular outcome	21
6368652818	operant conditioning	another type of associative learning	22
6368652819	cognition	process of knowing that involves awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgement	23
6368652820	social learning	learning by observing others	24
6368652821	altruism	engaging in behavior that doesn't help you, but helps rest of population (selfless)	25
6368652822	inclusive fitness	total effect of producing offspring and helping relatives	26
6368652823	kin selection	altruistic behavior that enhances reproductive success of relatives	27
6368652824	agonistic behavior	threats, rituals, and combat; settles disputes over resources, asserting dominance	28
6368652825	foraging	food obtaining behavior	29
6368652826	sexual selection	seeking and attracting mates/choosing and competing for males	30
6368652827	Tactile signals	Pros Quick Cons Limited to direct contact Cannot be used over distance	31
6368652828	Acoustic signals	Pros Travel great distance Does not require visibility Can travel around objects Cons Metabolically costly	32
6368652829	Electric signals	Pros Fast Does not require visibility Cons Only used by a couple fish/underwater	33
6368652830	Chemical signals	Pros long distance last longer "inexpensive" metabolically Cons can be carried away by wind no immediate response	34
6368652831	pheromones	Chemical signals	35
6368652832	Visual signals	Pros Immediate Cons Direct line of sight Light needed/clear path Eyes can be deceived Can be intercepted Very quick	36