AP Biology: Animal Behavior Flashcards

6714382654	ethology	study of animal behavior	0
6714382655	behavior	what an animal does and how it does it	1
6714382656	proximate cause	"how" a behavior occurs or is modified	2
6714382657	ultimate cause	"why" a behavior occurs,	3
6714382658	innate behavior	animal is born with it	4
6714382659	fixed-action patterns	sequence of unlearned acts that are unchangeable and usually carried to completion	5
6714382660	kinesis	random movement of animal in relation to stimulus	6
6714382661	taxis	turning of animals' body relative to stimulus +=towards -=avoids ex: geotaxis, phototaxis, chemotaxis	7
6714382662	migration	regular, long-distance change in location	8
6714382663	circadian rhythm	internal biological clock	9
6714382664	signal	stimulus that causes change in behavior	10
6714382665	pheromones	Chemical signals	11
6714382666	Visual signals	Pros Immediate Cons Direct line of sight Light needed/clear path Eyes can be deceived Can be intercepted Very quick	12
6714382667	Tactile signals	Pros Quick Cons Limited to direct contact Cannot be used over distance	13
6714382668	Acoustic/Auditory signals	Pros Travel great distance Does not require visibility Can travel around objects Cons Metabolically costly	14
6714382669	Electric signals	Pros Fast Does not require visibility Cons Only used by a couple fish/underwater	15
6714382670	Chemical signals	Pros long distance last longer "inexpensive" metabolically Cons can be carried away by wind no immediate response	16
6714382671	learned behavior	behaviors modified based on specific experience - develops through experience	17
6714382672	habituation	loss of responsiveness to stimuli with little or no meaning	18
6714382673	imprinting	learning and innate components, irreversible	19
6714382674	cognitive mapping	internal representation of spatial relationship among objects in an animals' surroundings	20
6714382675	associative learning	ability to associate one stimulus with another	21
6714382676	classical conditioning	arbitrary stimulus associated with particular outcome	22
6714382677	operant conditioning	another type of associative learning: "trial and error"	23
6714382678	cognition	process of knowing that involves awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgement	24
6714382679	social learning	learning by observing others	25
6714382680	foraging	food obtaining behavior	26
6714382681	sexual selection	seeking and attracting mates/choosing and competing for males	27
6714382682	promiscuous	relationship where both mates may have multiple other partners	28
6714382683	monogamous	a partnership with just one mate	29
6714382684	Polygamous	sexual selection where one "showy" male seeks out and attracts multiple female mates	30
6714382685	Polyandry	sexual selection where one "showy" female seeks out and attracts multiple male mates	31
6714382686	agonistic behavior	threats, rituals, and combat; settles disputes over resources, asserting dominance	32
6714382687	altruism	engaging in behavior that doesn't help you, but helps rest of population (selfless)	33
6714382688	inclusive fitness	total effect of producing offspring and helping relatives	34
6714382689	kin selection	altruistic behavior that enhances reproductive success of relatives	35
6714382690	homeostatic mechanisms	regulating ones internal equilibrium in an ever-changing environment	36
6714382691	feedback mechanisms	regulate growth and reproduction to maintain homeostasis	37
6714382692	negative feedback	maintain internal environments by returning changing condition to set point (negative, minimizing effect of stimulus)	38