Immune System AP Bio Flashcards

6182354290	Nonspecific Immunity	inflammation and barriers (physical/chemical)	0
6182357006	Pathogen	A disease causing agent	1
6182358360	Lysozyme	an enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that destroys the cell walls of certain bacteria	2
6182360864	Inflammatory response	Non-specific defense triggered by penetration of the skin or mucous membranes, in which small blood vessels in the area dilate and become leakier, enhancing the inflitration of leukocytes; heat and swelling are normal signs of inflammation	3
6182392839	Phagocytes	White blood cells that attack invading pathogens. Nonspecific. Include neutrophils and macrophages	4
6182395501	Neutrophils	Most abundant white blood cell., The most abundant type of white blood cell. Phagocytic and tend to self-destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their life span to a few days.	5
6182401224	Macrophage	Found within the lymph nodes, they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria, cancer cells, and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream."Giant eater"	6
6182412609	Interferons	A class of chemicals that block viral infections	7
6182414578	Natural Killer Cells	A type of white blood cell that can kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells; an important component of innate immunity. They break open the cell membrane causing cells to die.	8
6182423349	Antigen Presenting Cell (APC)	cells that present digested particles of pathogens on their cell surfaces as a means of advertising. Present the pathogen to B and T cells. Examples are macrophages and dendritic cells	9
6182428794	T cells	Cell mediated immunity. Mature in thymus gland.	10
6182444858	Helper T cells	Activated by APC. Calls the immune system to arms. Trigger humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.	11
6182457196	Cytotoxic T-cells	cells that remain after helper t-cells die out and it divides rapidly and produces an "army" of cells identical to itself, releases toxins that form pores in the membrane of the infected cells causing it to burst, destroying the cell and the virus inside it	12
6182466316	B cells	Produced in the bone marrow. They produce antibodies specific to antigens invading the body.	13
6182510840	Antibodies	Y-shape proteins produced by B cells that is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses. Can be found in either a free or a membrane-bound form.	14
6182521520	Humoral immunity	immunity against antigens in body fluids, such as blood and lymph (B cells)	15
6182523255	cell mediated immunity	immunity against abnormal cells and pathogens inside living cells (T cells)	16
6182527557	MHC	Major Histocompatability complex, a set of proteins found on the plasma membranes of cells that help display antigen to T cells. MHC I is found on all cells and displays bits of proteins from within the cell; this allows T cells to monitor cell contents and if abnormal peptides are displayed on the surface, the cell is destroyed by killer T cells. MHC II is found only on macrophages and B cells. This class of MHC allows these cells (known as antigen presenting cells) to display bitts of "eaten" (phagocytosed or internalized) proteins on their surface, allowing the activation of helper T cells	17
6182540526	memory b cells	Produced during a B cell response, but are not involved in antibody producing during the initial infection; are held in reserve for the rest of your life in case you encounter that pathogen again.	18
6182545297	primary immune response	The first encounter with an antigen, resuling in activated B cells (antibody secretion) and T cells (cellular lysis and lymphocyte proliferation). The primary immune response takes approximately ten days, which long enough for symptoms of the infection to appear	19
6182552680	Secondary immune response	Immune response after the body has already been exposed to a specific antigen. Response is faster, of greater magnitude, and more prolonged. Hopefully the immune system will destroy the antigen before symptoms appear	20
6182557707	Passive immunity	An individual does not produce his or her own antibodies, but rather receives them directly from another source, such as mother to infant through breast milk. Temporary.	21
6182557708	Active immunity	The type of immunity when an individual makes his or her own antibodies after being ill and recovering or after being given an immunization or vaccine.	22
6182574491	Autoimmune disease	A disease in which the immune system attacks the organisms own cells (MS, Lupus, Juvenile diabetes)	23
6182577947	Allergy	a specific reaction of the immune system to a foreign and frequently harmless substance	24
6182585930	blood groups	A, B, AB, O	25