AP Bio - Ch. 20 Flashcards
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| 8373468573 | phylogeny | 0 | ||
| 8373476579 | systematics | classifies organisms and determines their evolutionary relationships | 1 | |
| 8373504090 | taxonomy | the ordered division and naming of organisms | 2 | |
| 8373515832 | taxonomic groups | domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species | 3 | |
| 8373555908 | taxon | A taxonomic unit at any level of hierarchy | 4 | |
| 8373581670 | branch point | a point on a phylogenetic tree where a single lineage splits to distinct new ones | 5 | |
| 8373587669 | sister taxa | groups of organisms that share an immediate common ancestor | 6 | |
| 8373623138 | rooted | a branch point within the tree that represents the most recent common ancestor of all taxa in the tree | 7 | |
| 8373627870 | basal taxon | branch of a phylogenetic tree that has not diverged significantly from the root ancestor | 8 | |
| 8373633063 | polytomy | a branch from which more than two groups emerge | 9 | |
| 8374279391 | homoplasies | Analogous structures or molecular sequences that evolved independently | 10 | |
| 8374315598 | cladistics | classification based on common ancestry | 11 | |
| 8374321824 | clade | A group of species that includes an ancestral species and all its descendants | 12 | |
| 8374331206 | monophyletic | A group of species that includes an ancestral species and all its descendants; aka clade |  | 13 |
| 8374338093 | paraphyletic | a group that does not include all the descendants, but some, of a common ancestor |  | 14 |
| 8374363682 | polyphyletic | a grouping consists of various taxa with different ancestors |  | 15 |
| 8374421785 | shared ancestral character | a character that originated in an ancestor of the taxon | 16 | |
| 8374427204 | shared derived character | an evolutionary novelty unique to a clade | 17 | |
| 8374457551 | outgroup | a species or group of species that is closely related to the various species being studied; diverged before species being studied | 18 | |
| 8374485096 | ingroup | various species being studied | 19 | |
| 8374522722 | maximum parsimony | assumes that the tree that requires the fewest evolutionary events is the most likely | 20 | |
| 8374547775 | molecular clock | a model that uses comparisons of DNA sequences to estimate phylogeny and rate of evolutionary change; assume substitutions are proportional to last time two species shared a common ancestor | 21 | |
| 8374589663 | horizontal gene transfer | The movements of genes from one genome to another (Ex: viral infection, transposable elements, fusion of organisms, etc.) | 22 |