AP Vocab Flashcards

9356790645	Agribusiness	Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food processing industry usually through ownership of large corporations Ex: Tyson Chicken or Smithfield Pork	0
9356790646	Agricultural Revolution	The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering Ex:	1
9356796324	Agriculture	The deliberate effort to modify the portion of Earth's surface to the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain Ex: Planting and growing crops	2
9356796325	Aquaculture (or aqua farming)	The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions Ex:	3
9356798618	Cereal grain	The grass that yields grain for food Ex: Oats, Wheat, Rye, and Barley	4
9356798619	Commercial agriculture	Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm Ex: Tyson Farms	5
9356798620	Crop	Any plant gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season Ex: Corn and Wheat	6
9356800186	Crop rotation	The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil Ex: Field A grows x crop one year, y crop the next year, z crop the year after that, and then goes back to x crop once the cycle has restarted.	7
9356800187	Dairy farm	A form of commercial agriculture that specializes in the production of milk and other dairy products Ex:	8
9356800188	Desertification	Degradation of land especially in semi arid areas primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting animal grazing and tree cutting also known as semi-arid land degradation Ex: Some desertification is occurring in the Amazon Rainforest, because companies want the lumber, and urbanization so they destroy and cut down majority of the trees	9
9356801452	Dietary energy consumption	The amount of food that an individual consumes measured and kilocalories (Calories in the United States) Ex:	10
9356801453	Double-cropping	Harvesting twice a year from the same field Ex: Winter Wheat is grown in addition to normal crop rotation	11
9356803525	Fishing	The capture of wild fish and other seafood living in the waters Ex:	12
9356803526	Food security	Physical social and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet delivery needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life Ex:	13
9356803527	Genetically modified organism (GMO)	A living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology Ex: Injecting tomatoes with GMOs to make them taste better or make them grow bigger	14
9356805632	Grain	Seed of a cereal grass Ex:	15
9356805633	Green Revolution	Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers Ex: India underwent/went through the Green Revolution because they introduced genetic engineering, hybridization, and chemical fertilizers to themselves	16
9356805634	Horticulture	The growing of fruits vegetables and flowers Ex: Growing strawberries, cucumbers, growing sunflowers	17
9356807909	Intensive subsistence agriculture	A form of subsistence agriculture characteristics of Asia's major population concentrations in which Farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land Ex: Majority of families in LDCs must undergo intensive subsistence agricultural practices in order to provide for themselves and survive	18
9356807910	Milkshed	The area surrounding a city from which milk is applied Ex: The rural areas surrounding Denver comprise Denver's milk shed, A milkshed could be 100 miles around a city.	19
9356807911	Mixed crop and livestock farming	Commercial farming characterized by integration of crops and livestock most of the crops are fed to animals rather than consumed directly by humans Ex:	20
9356810626	No tillage	A farming practice that leaves all of the soil undistributed in the entire residue of the previous year's harvest left untouched on the fields Ex:	21
9356810627	Overfishing	Capturing fish faster than they can reproduce Ex:	22
9356810628	Paddy-	The Malay word for wet rice increasingly used to describe a flooded field Ex:	23
9356812981	Pastoral nomadism	A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals Ex: Camel Herders	24
9356812982	Plantation	A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale usually to a more developed country Ex: A Sugar Cane plantation grows more than sugar	25
9356812983	Prime agricultural land	The most productive farmland Ex:	26
9356816197	Ranching	A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extended area Ex: A lot of Cattle Ranching occurs in West Texas	27
9356816198	Ridge tillage	A system of planting crops on Ridge tops in order to reduce Farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation Ex:	28
9356816199	Sawah	A flooded field for growing rice Ex: Sawahs can been seen in Africa and the Middle East.	29
9356818136	Shifting cultivation	A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another, each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period Ex:	30
9356818137	Slash-and-burn agriculture	Another name for shifting cultivation so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris Ex:	31
9356819939	Subsistence agriculture	Agriculture designed primarily to produce food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmers family Ex: Majority of families in LDC's do this action, because they can only grow so much to provide for themselves, and their family	32
9356819940	Swidden	A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning Ex:	33
9356819941	Transhumance	The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowlands pastures Ex: Sheep are most commonly used for/during transhumance	34
9356821849	Truck farming	Commercial gardening in Fruit farming so name for the Middle English word truck meaning "barter" or "exchange of commodities" Ex:	35
9356821850	Undernourishment	Dietary energy consumption that is continuously below the minimum requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out light physical activity Ex: Many kids and families in LDC's are undernourished because they do not get the nutrients and things they need to stay healthy (Lack of proteins)	36
9356821851	Wet rice	Rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then move to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth Ex: Can be seen in majority of Asia	37