AP Environmental Science Pollution Flashcards

6643084398	primary pollutants	an air pollutant emitted directly from a source	0
6643084399	sulfur oxides (SOx)	Primary source is coal burning. Primary and secondary effects include acid deposition, respiratory irritation, plant damage. Reduction methods include: scrubbers, burn low sulfur fuel.	1
6643084400	nitrogen oxides (NOx)	Major source is auto exhaust. Primary and secondary effects include acidification of lakes, respiratory irritation, leads to smog and ozone. Reduced using catalytic converters.	2
6643084401	CO2	automobile exhaust as well as burning of wood and coal. A greenhouse gas	3
6643084404	point source pollution	Pollutants discharged from a single identifiable location (e.g., pipes, ditches, channels, sewers, tunnels, containers of various types).	4
6643084405	non-point source pollution	pollution that does not have a specific point of release, open,loop recycling,when materials are reused to form new products.	5
6643084406	criteria pollutants	pollutants judged to pose especially great threats to human health (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, tropospheric ozone, particulate matter and lead)	6
6643084408	ozone	gas that absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation, found in the stratosphere, a zone between 15 and 50 kilometers (9 to 30 miles) above Earth's surface.	7
6643084409	industrial smog (gray)	smog resulting from emissions from industry and other sources of gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels.	8
6643084410	photochemical smog (brown)	A brownish haze that is a mixture of ozone and other chemicals, formed when pollutants react with each other in the presence of sunlight	9
6643084411	chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)	These reduce concentration of ozone in the stratosphere and created the ozone hole, they are responsible for more UVB radiation in the surface of earth	10
6643084412	ozone loss	Greatest in the spring as the chlorine breaks down ozone into O2	11
6643084413	acid precipitation	Conversion of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides to acids that return to Earth as rain, snow, or fog	12
6643084418	eutrophication	excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water, frequently due to runoff from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life and death of animal life from lack of oxygen.	13
6643084419	hypoxic zone	Also known as Dead Zone --> result of cultural eutrophication and lack of oxygen where fish die.	14
6643084420	pH	The measure of concentration of H ions in water	15
6643084421	dissolved oxygen	microscopic bubbles of gaseous oxygen (O2) that are mixed in water and available to aquatic organisms for respiration (mg/L)	16
6643084422	turbidity	a measure of the cloudiness of water from sediments, microscopic organisms, or pollutants (NTU)	17
6643084423	BOD	Biological Oxygen Demand	18
6643084424	wastewater	any water that has been used by humans. This includes human sewage, water drained from showers, tubs, sinks, dishwashers, washing machines, water from industrial processes, and storm water runoff.	19
6643084425	physical treatment	in a sewage treatment plant, the initial filtration that is done to remove debris such as stones, sticks, rags, toys, and other objects that were flushed down the toilet.	20
6643084427	sludge	the solids that remain after the secondary treatment of sewage.	21
6643084429	gray water	all of the wastewater that drains from washing machines, sinks, dishwashers, tubs or showers and can be reused for non-sanitary purposes	22
6643084431	noise pollution	any noise that causes stress or has the potential to damage human health.	23
9771466029	secondary pollutants	converted to a hazardous form after entering the air and mixing with other air components	24
9771494580	Carbon monoxide (CO)	a colorless, odorless toxic flammable gas formed by incomplete combustion of carbon.	25
9771600934	Formaldehyde	Indoor air pollutant present in furniture, lacquer, and particle board	26
9771612612	Asbestos	A fiber once used in insulation and other materials that can cause respiratory diseases.	27
9771615496	Radon	Pollutant from the decay of uranium	28
9771627654	Particulate matter	A mixture of dust, acids, and other chemicals that can be hazardous to human health	29
9771652534	Lead (Pb)	Causes neurological damage. Was in gasoline, paint, and old pipes	30
9771662329	Mercury Pollution	A toxic metal released into the air and water mainly from coal-fired power plants and mining.	31
9771677369	Volatile organic compounds	Organic compounds that exist as gases in the air. Most are hydrocarbons.	32
9772640165	Incineration	The burning of solid waste that results in air pollution and hazardous materials	33
9772662422	Sanitary landfill	Giant hole in the ground into which most municipal solid waste is dumped	34
9772671861	Chemical treatment	Neutralizes acidic wastes	35
9772681648	Methane (CH4)	Flammable gas produced by landfills	36
9772704183	Electrostatic precipitators	Reduce particulate matter	37
9772707821	Catalytic converter	Reduces CO and NOx	38
9772724692	Superfund	a US federal government program designed to fund the cleanup of toxic wastes.	39