AP Biology Metabolism Flashcards

5724879365	metabolism	a set of life'sustaining chemical transformations that allow organisms to do things like grow, reproduce, and maintain their structure.	0
5724879366	metabolic pathway	a series of chemical reactions where metabolite is modified by these chemical reactions.	1
5724879367	catabolic pathways	the set of metabolic pathways that break down molecules into smaller units.	2
5724879368	anabolic pathways	usually requires energy, build new molecules and/or store energy.	3
5724879369	bioenergetics	the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms.	4
5724879370	energy	can be transferred or converted, but never destroyed.	5
5724879371	kinetic energy	energy that is being used.	6
5724879372	heat	the measure of the matter's total kinetic energy due the movement of its molecules.	7
5724879373	thermal energy	the energy that comes from heat.	8
5724879374	potential energy	the amount of energy an object has because of its position/location.	9
5724879375	chemical energy	energy that is released in a chemical reaction.	10
5724879376	thermodynamics	branch of physics focused on heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work.	11
5724879377	first law of thermodynamics	energy can be transformed from one form to another, but never created or destroyed.	12
5724879378	entropy	the degree of disorder or randomness in a system.	13
5724879379	second law of thermodynamics	the total entropy of a system always increases or stays the same over time	14
5724879380	free energy	a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a system to do work.	15
5724879381	exergonic reaction	a reaction where energy is released.	16
5724879382	endergonic reaction	a chemical reaction in which the standard change in free energy is positive and absorbed.	17
5724879383	energy coupling	transfer of energy from catabolism to anabolism.	18
5724879384	ATP	composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups.	19
5724879385	phosphorylated	to introduce a phosphate group into a compound or molecule.	20
5724879386	enzyme	proteins that act as catalysts and help complex reactions occur.	21
5724879387	catalyst	substance that increases the rate of a reaction	22
5724879388	activation energy	the minimum energy that needs to be available to a chemical system with potential reactants for a chemical reaction to happen.	23
5724879389	substrate	a molecule on which an enzyme reacts.	24
5724879390	enzyme-substrate complex	forms when a substrate interacts with the active site of an enzyme.	25
5724879391	active site	region on an enzyme where the substrate binds	26
5724879392	induced fit	the binding of a substrate or some other molecule to an enzyme causes a change in the shape of the enzyme and its function.	27
5724879393	cofactors	assist in enzyme activity.	28
5724879394	coenzyme	organic molecules that are required by certain enzymes to carry out catalysis.	29
5724879395	competitive inhibitors	function by binding reversibly to the active site of an enzyme.	30
5724879396	noncompetitive inhibitors	inhibiting compound does not compete with the natural substrate for the active site on the enzyme but inhibits reaction by combining with the enzyme-substrate complex after the complex is formed.	31
5724879397	allosteric regulation	the regulation of a protein by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the protein's active site.	32
5724879399	feedback inhibition	when an enzyme that catalyzes the production of a particular substance in the cell is inhibited when that substance has accumulated to a certain level.	33