AP Psych - Developmental Psychology Flashcards

8373371767	developmental psychology	the scientific study of how and why human beings change over the course of their life	0
8373371768	Continuity vs stages	is development a gradual process or a sequence of stages	1
8373371769	stability vs change	do our early personality traits continue through life or do we become different with age	2
8373371770	zygote	fertilized egg cell	3
8373371771	embryo	shows differentiation	4
8373371772	fetus	the forming baby	5
8373371773	teratogens	things that can harm the baby (drugs)	6
8373371774	fetal alcohol syndrome	excessive amounts of alcohol during pregnancy can have psychical and mental defects on the baby	7
8373371775	rooting reflex	helps a baby locate food	8
8373371776	moro (startle) reflex	spreading out arms when feeling of falling	9
8373371777	habituation	get used to it	10
8373371778	maturation	biological growth process that enables an orderly progression of our abilities and behaviors	11
8373371779	schema	mental molds into which we pour our experiences	12
8373371780	assimilation	adjust new information to fit our current schema	13
8373371781	accomodation	adjust our schema into fitting new information	14
8373371782	cognition	understanding through experiences	15
8373371783	sensorimotor stage	experiencing the world through senses and actions	16
8373371784	object permanence	if an object is not visible, it doesn't exist (toy under a blanket) (sensorimotor)	17
8373371785	preoperational stage	representing things with words and images (intuitive reasoning)	18
8373371786	conservation	(concrete operational) the changing form of an object does not change its amount	19
8373371787	egocentrism	(preoperational) children cannot perceive things from anothers point of view	20
8373371788	theory of mind	children develop the ability to understand anothers mental state	21
8373371789	autism	children do not follow typical patterns of development	22
8373371790	concrete operational stage	thinking logically and performing arithmetic operations	23
8373371791	formal operational stage	abstract reasoning	24
8373371792	Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory	How behaviors are affected by social and cultural factors	25
8373371793	internalization	Characteristics of other people are assimilated into your own self	26
8373371794	stranger anxiety	Form of distress that children experience when exposed to someone unfamiliar	27
8373371795	secure attachment	relaxed and encouraging parenting leads to basic trust and positive self concept	28
8373371796	insecure attachment	a child avoids a caregiver which can lead to low self-confidence and stranger anxiety	29
8373371797	critical point	Turning point in someone's behavior	30
8373371798	imprinting	Newborns attachment to a parent	31
8373371799	basic trust	belief that the world is a safe place to explore	32
8373371800	self-concept	independence and self confidence promoted by secure attachment	33
8373371801	authoritarian parenting	high control, low warmth	34
8373371802	authoritative parenting	high control, high warmth (best for positive self-concept)	35
8373371803	permissive parenting	low control, high warmth	36
8373371804	neglectful parenting	low control, low warmth	37
8373371805	adolescence	life between childhood and adulthood	38
8373371806	puberty	sexual maturation	39
8373371807	primary sex characteristics	development of reproductive organs and external genitalia	40
8373371808	secondary sex characteristics	development of non-reproductive traits (breasts and hips for females, deepening voice and facial hair for males)	41
8373371809	menarche	first menstral cycle	42
8373371810	preconventional morality	moral thinking based on gaining rewards and avoiding punishments	43
8373371811	conventional morality	moral thinking based on social laws and approval	44
8373371812	postconventional morality	moral thinking based on personal ethics and standards	45
8373371813	eriksons stages of psychosocial development	infancy, toddlerhood, preschooler, elementary school, adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood	46
8373371814	identity	teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and integrating them to form a single identity (leads to forming close relationships)	47
8373371815	intimacy	forming close relationships	48
8373371816	emerging adulthood	spans ages 18-25 where young adults may live with their parents, attend college or work	49
8373371817	menopause	at around age 50, during middle adulthood, menstruation ends	50
8373371818	alzheimers disease	disease caused by decreasing Ach that increases with age	51
8373371819	cross-sectional study	testing multiple groups at once	52
8373371820	longitudinal study	testing one group over a span of time	53
8373371821	crystallized intelligence	accumulated knowledge and skills do not decline with time	54
8373371822	fluid intelligence	ability to reason speedily declines with time	55
8373371823	social clock	cultural time for events to occur (marriage by 28, kids by 30)	56
8373371824	competent reflex	baby is already born with certain traits	57
8373371825	sensorimotor traits	object permanence, stranger anxiety	58
8373371826	preoperational traits	pretend play, egocentrism	59
8373371827	concrete operational traits	conservation, math	60
8373371828	formal operational traits	logic, mature reasoning	61
8373371829	infancy stage	trust vs mistrust	62
8373371830	toddlerhood stage	autonomy vs shame and doubt	63
8373371831	preschooler stage	initiative vs guilt	64
8373371832	elementary school stage	competence vs inferiority	65
8373371833	adolescence stage	identity vs role confusion	66
8373371834	young adulthood stage	intimacy vs isolation	67
8373371835	middle adulthood stage	generativity vs stagnation	68
8373371836	late adulthood stage	integrity vs dispair	69
8373371837	selective pruning	use it or lost it	70
8373371838	Piaget	Made a systematic study of cognitive development	71
8373371839	Kohlberg	sought to describe the development of moral reasoning by posing moral dilemmas to children (found stages of moral development)	72