AP Biology - Metabolism (8) Flashcards
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| 7625887811 | Metabolism | The totality of an organism's chemical reactions | 0 | |
| 7625887812 | Catabolic pathways | An metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler molecules |  | 1 |
| 7625887813 | Anabolic pathways | A metabolic pathway that consumes energy to synthesize a complex molecule from simpler molecules | 2 | |
| 7625887814 | Kinetic energy | The energy associated with the relative motion of objects |  | 3 |
| 7625887815 | Potential energy | The energy that matter possesses as a result of its location or spartial arrangement | 4 | |
| 7625887816 | Thermodynamics | The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter |  | 5 |
| 7625887817 | First law of thermodynamics | The principle of conservation of energy: energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed | 6 | |
| 7625887818 | Entropy | A measure of disorder or randomness | 7 | |
| 7625887819 | Second law of thermodynamics | The principal stating that every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Usable forms of energy are at least partially converted to heat | 8 | |
| 7625887820 | Spontaneous process | A process that occurs without an overall input of energy; a process that is energetically favorable | 9 | |
| 7625887821 | Free energy | The portion of a biological systems energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system. | 10 | |
| 7625887822 | Exergonic reaction | A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy |  | 11 |
| 7625887823 | Endergonic reaction | A non spontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings |  | 12 |
| 7625887825 | ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | a molecule that releases free energy when it's phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells! |  | 13 |
| 7625887827 | Enzyme | A catalyst; a chemical agent that increases the rate of reaction without being consumed by the reaction; most enzymes are proteins |  | 14 |
| 7625887829 | Activation energy | The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start | 15 | |
| 7625887830 | Substrate | The reactant on which an enzyme works | 16 | |
| 7625887831 | Enzyme-substrate complex | A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecule(s) |  | 17 |
| 7625887832 | Active site | The specific region of an enzyme that binds with the substrate and that forms the pocket and which catalysts occurred | 18 | |
| 7625887835 | Competitive inhibitors | A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate, whose structure it mimics |  | 19 |
| 7625887836 | Noncompetitive inhibitors | A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site, changing the enzymes shape so that the active site no longer effectively catalyzes the conversion of substrate to product |  | 20 |
| 7625887837 | Allosteric regulation | The Binding of a regulatory molecule to a protein at one site that affects the function of the protein at a different site | 21 | |
| 7625887839 | Feedback inhibition | The regulation of a process by its output or end product |  | 22 |