AP terms Flashcards

5745296732	Transduction	The signals are transformed into neural impulses.	0
5745328697	Sensory Adaption	decreasing responsiveness to stimuli due to constant stimulation. ex. the feeling of socks on your feet.	1
5745336299	Sensory Habitation	our perception of sensations is partially due to how focused we are on them. ex. baby crying	2
5745341593	Cock-tail Party effect	what you choose to pay attention to. ex. when you're talking to a person and someone across the room says your name.	3
5745349555	Sensation	activation of our senses ex. ears, eyes	4
5745353669	Perception	the process of understanding sensations.	5
5745358970	energy senses	vision (light), Hearing (sound waves), and touch (pressure)	6
5745362461	Chemical senses	smell and taste	7
5745365175	Vision	dominant sense in human beings ex. television	8
5745366947	cornea	a protective covering that helps focus light	9
5745374547	retina	like a screen on the back of your eye. ex. movie screen	10
5745379457	lens	curved and flexible to focus the light. ex. focusing on one finger	11
5745382298	rods	cells that respond to black and white	12
5745386124	cones	cells that are activated by color	13
5745391768	pupil	like a shutter of a camera. ex. blink if an eye	14
5745394258	optic nerve	impulses from the left and right side of each retina	15
5745400943	occipital lobe	the part of the brain responsible for sight. ex. occipital= optical	16
5745406745	visible light	light that you can physically see.	17
5745410025	fovea	contains the highest concentration of cones.	18
5745412549	blind spot	the spot where the optic nerve leaves the retina, has no rods or cones.	19
5745418607	trichromatic theory	three color theory ex. blue, red, green	20
5745422559	color blindness	the lack of seeing a color	21
5745428170	after image	staring at one color for a while and then looking into blank space. ex. green afterimage= red	22
5745434209	opponent -process theory	the sensory receptors arranged in the retina come in pairs: red/green, yellow/blue, and black/white	23
5745440963	hearing	made up of a series of pressures, that can be represented by waves.	24
5745446677	sound waves	vibrations in the air rather than electromagnetic waves.	25
5745453195	amplitude	the height of the wave and determines the loudness of the sound ex. measured in decibels	26
5745463457	frequency	the length of waves and determines pitch. ex. measured in megahertz	27
5745475348	cochlea	a structure shaped like a snail's shell filled with fluid.	28
5745479003	pitch theories	two processes involved in hearing pitch.	29
5745483659	place theory	hair cells in the cochlea respond to different frequencies of sound based on where they are located in the cochlea.	30
5745491504	frequency theory	hairs cells sense the upper range of pitches but not the lower tones.	31
5745495583	conduction deafness	occurs when something goes wrong with the system of conducting the sound to the cochlea	32
5745501659	nerve deafness	more difficult to treat since no method has been found that will encourage the hair cells to regenerate.	33
5745506631	touch	when our skin is indented, pierce, or experiences a change in temp.	34
5745512177	gate - control theory	helps how we experience pain the way we do, some pain messages have a higher priority than others.	35
5745521268	taste (gustation)	the nerves involved in the chemical senses respond to chemicals rather than energy.	36
5745526840	smell	depends on chemicals emitted by substances.	37
5745531420	vestibular sense	how our body is oriented in space	38
5745535819	kinesthetic sense	gives us feedback about the position and orientation of specific body parts.	39
5745546996	absolute threshold	the smallest amount of stimulus we can detect.	40
5745552191	subliminal messages	we dont perceive these messages because theyre below the threshold.	41
5745558631	difference threshold	defines a stimulus need to change before we notice the difference.	42
5745562223	weber's law	the change is needed proportional to the original intensity .	43
5745566464	signal detection theory	the effects of the distractions and interference we experience while perceiving the world.	44
5745574406	top down processing	when you use your background knowledge to fill in gaps in what you perceive. ex. how something tastes.	45
5745579880	perceptual set	a predisposition to perceiving something in a certain way.	46
5745583397	bottom- up processing	use our features of the object itself to build a complete perception	47
5745607875	gestalt rules	use our features of the object itself to build a complete perception	48
5745610404	proximity	objects that are close together are more likely to be perceived as belonging in the same group	49
5745615686	similarity	objects that are similar in appearance are more likely to be perceived as belonging in the same group.	50
5745622033	continuity	objects that form a continuous form are more likely to be perceived as belonging in the same group. ex. a trail	51
5745632446	closure	objects that make up recognizable image are more likely to be perceived as belonging in the same group.	52
5745641388	constancy	our ability to maintain a constant perception of an object despite these changes	53
5745647888	depth cues	how we perceive the world as a two dimensional flat surface.	54