Ap Flashcards

9709080335	Holocaust	the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators	0
9709081200	Kristallnacht	the wave of violent anti-Jewish pogroms which took place on November 9 and 10, 1938	1
9709082182	Nuremberg laws	laws excluded German Jews from Reich citizenship and prohibited them from marrying or having sexual relations with persons of "German or related blood."	2
9709083847	Hitler youth	The Nazi Party targeted German youth as a special audience for its propaganda messages. These messages emphasized that the Party was a movement of youth: dynamic, resilient, forward-looking, and hopeful. Millions of German young people were won over to Nazism	3
9709085460	Gestapo	The secret police of the German state	4
9709086944	Heinrich himmler	the Reich Leader (Reichsführer) of the dreaded SS of the Nazi party from 1929 until 1945	5
9709087902	S.S	a state within a state in Nazi Germany, staffed by men who perceived themselves as the "racial elite" of Nazi future	6
9709089065	"Night of Long Knives"	Nazi leader Adolf Hitler orders a bloody purge of his own political party, assassinating hundreds of Nazis whom he believed had the potential to become political enemies in the future	7
9709092817	Leno Riefenstal, Triumph of Will	Leni Riefenstahl (Helene Riefenstahl) was a German dancer, actress, and film director best known for her imposing propaganda films in support of the National Socialist (Nazi) Party	8
9709093812	Joseph Goebbels	Minister of propoganda under adolf hitler	9
9709094821	Enabling Act	the cornerstone of Hitler's dictatorship, allowing him to enact laws, including ones that violated the Weimar Constitution, without approval of either parliament or Reich President von Hindenburg.	10
9709104337	Reichstag Fire	On February 27, 1933, the German parliament (Reichstag) building burned down due to arson	11
9709105565	Third Reach	The Nazi state ruled by Adolf Hitler	12
9709106407	Great Depression	worldwide economic downturn that began in 1929 and lasted until about 1939. It was the longest and most severe depression ever experienced by the industrialized Western world	13
9709106408	Fuhrer	title used by Adolf Hitler to define his role of absolute authority in Germany's Third Reich	14
9709107533	Lebensraum	Living space	15
9709107534	Mein Kampf	political manifesto written by Adolf Hitler. It was his only complete book and became the bible of National Socialism	16
9709111066	Beer Hall Putsch	On November 8-9, 1923, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party led a coalition group in an attempt to overthrow the German government	17
9709111067	S.A		18
9709114636	Adolf Hitler	leader of the National Socialist (Nazi) Party (from 1920/21) and chancellor (Kanzler) and Führer of Germany	19
9709114637	NAZI	National Socialist German Workers' Party, German Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP), political party of the mass movement known as National Socialism. Under the leadership of Adolf Hitler	20
9709117131	Aryan Race		21
9709128184	"Stab in Back"	the notion, widely believed and promulgated in right-wing circles in Germany after 1918, that the German Army did not lose World War I on the battlefield but was instead betrayed by the civilians on the home front	22
9709131271	Nazism	totalitarian movement led by Adolf Hitler as head of the Nazi Party in Germany. In its intense nationalism, mass appeal, and dictatorial rule	23
9709131272	Weimar Republic	the name given to the German government between the end of the Imperial period (1918) and the beginning of Nazi Germany (1933)	24
9709132608	Vatican	pursued a policy of neutrality during World War II, under the leadership of Pope Pius XII. Although the city of Rome was occupied by Germany from 1942 and the Allies from 1944, Vatican City itself was not occupied	25
9709132609	Lateran Pact	treaty (effective June 7, 1929, to June 3, 1985) between Italy and the Vatican. It was signed by Benito Mussolini for the Italian government and by cardinal secretary of state Pietro Gasparri for the papacy and confirmed by the Italian constitution of 1948	26
9709133779	Corporate State	the theory and practice of organizing society into "corporations" subordinate to the state	27
9709133780	March on Rome	the insurrection by which Benito Mussolini came to power in Italy in late October 1922	28
9709137676	"Black Shirts"	member of any of the armed squads of Italian Fascists under Benito Mussolini, who wore black shirts as part of their uniform	29
9709137691	Fascist Italy	Mussolini's new right-wing organization advocated Italian nationalism, had black shirts for uniforms, and launched a program of terrorism and intimidation against its leftist opponents	30
9709140724	Benito Mussolini	Italian prime minister (1922-43) and the first of 20th-century Europe's fascist dictators	31
9709149539	Gulag	the system of Soviet labour camps and accompanying detention and transit camps and prisons that from the 1920s to the mid-1950s housed the political prisoners and criminals of the Soviet Union	32
9709178538	Great purges	unpublicized trials held in the Soviet Union during the late 1930s, in which many prominent Old Bolsheviks were found guilty of treason and executed or imprisoned	33
9709179956	Old bolsheviks	member of a wing of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party	34
9709179957	Show trials	a series of trials held in the Soviet Union at the instigation of Joseph Stalin between 1936 and 1938 against so-called Trotskyists and members of Right Opposition of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union	35
9709189547	Great terror	a period of extreme violence during the French Revolution	36
9709192787	Sergei Eisenstein	Russian film director and theorist	37
9709192806	General Secratary	Highest ranking official of a republic or communism	38
9709198914	Politburo	the supreme policy-making body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union	39
9709204176	Collectivization	policy adopted by the Soviet government, pursued most intensively between 1929 and 1933, to transform traditional agriculture in the Soviet Union and to reduce the economic power of the kulaks	40
9709205525	Revolution from Above		41
9709206363	Five Year Plans	development of the national economy of the Soviet Union consisted of a series of nationwide centralized economic plans in the Soviet Union	42
9709206364	Leon Trotsky	a Russian revolutionary, theorist, and Soviet politician	43
9709209197	Socialism in One Country	a theory put forth by Joseph Stalin and Nikolai Bukharin in 1924 which was eventually adopted by the Soviet Union as state policy	44
9709210230	Kronstadt Rebellion	one of several major internal uprisings against Soviet rule in Russia after the Civil War	45
9709211476	Cheka	early Soviet secret police agency and a forerunner of the KGB	46
9709211477	War Communism	economic policy applied by the Bolsheviks during the period of the Russian Civil War	47
9709212635	Comintern	an international communist organization that advocated world communism	48
9709213715	Totalitarianism	Total rule	49
9709214643	Conservative authoritarianism		50
9709214644	Fascism	a form of radical authoritarian nationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and control of industry and commerce	51
9709216902	Kulaks	a wealthy or prosperous peasant	52
9709218844	Communism	a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs	53
9709218845	Joseph Stalin	a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian nationality	54