APES Unit One 2017 Flashcards

7297304873	biodiversity	the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.	0
7297305980	sustainability	the ability of an ecosystem to stay healthy and productive for very long periods of time	1
7297306922	natural capital	economists refer to ecological systems that provide public service functions as	2
7297309368	Natural Resource	anything naturally occurring in the environment that humans use	3
7297310886	Perpetual Resource	renewed continuously and is expected to last long (solar power)	4
7297311755	renewable resource	A natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed	5
7297313338	nonrenewable resource	a resource that comes from the earth and cannot be replaced	6
7297313339	GDP	the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year.	7
7297314619	MDC	more developed countries	8
7297315778	LDC	Less developed countries	9
7297315779	Degredation	(n) a decline to a lower condition, quality, or level	10
7297322961	point source	A specific source of pollution that can be identified	11
7297324849	non point source	A source of pollution that is not easily identified.	12
7297324851	tragedy of the commons	social trap that involves a conflict over resources between interests and the common good.	13
7297327003	positive feedback loop	A feedback loop in which change in a system is amplified.	14
7297328266	negative feedback loop	Output shuts off original effect of the stimulus	15
7297329559	feedback loop	A circular process in which a system's output serves as input to that same system.	16
7297330681	autotroph	organisms that can make their own food	17
7297331572	heterotroph	An organism that cannot make its own food.	18
7297331573	herbivore	A consumer that eats only plants.	19
7297332428	carnivore	A consumer that eats only animals.	20
7297332429	omnivore	An animal that eats both plants and animals	21
7297333766	detritovore	an animal that feeds on dead organic material, especially plant detritus.	22
7297333767	decomposer	organism that breaks down waste from other organisms	23
7297335962	chemotroph	microbes that gain energy from chemical compounds	24
7297336818	trophic level	each step in a food chain or web is called a trophic level	25
7297337793	anaerobic	Process that does not require oxygen	26
7297338564	fermentation	Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen	27
7297338565	GPP	Gross Primary Productivity	28
7297341464	NPP	GPP - R	29
7297342391	affluence	abundance; wealth	30
7297342392	poverty	Inability to meet basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter.	31
7297343239	IPAT	Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology	32
7297343951	ecological tipping point	An irreversible shift in the behavior of a natural system	33
7297345002	ecological footprint	A measure of how much an individual consumes, expressed in area of land	34
7297345823	culture	Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.	35
7297346806	exponential growth	Growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate	36
7297347952	stewardship	responsibility for conserving and restoring the Earth's resources for future generations	37
7297348776	theory	A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data	38
7297349400	hypothesis	A testable prediction, often implied by a theory	39
7297349401	law	a summary of many experimental results and observations; a law tells how things work	40
7297350308	high quality matter	Matter that is concentrated and contains a high concentration of a useful resource	41
7297351037	low quality matter	of poor or inferior quality then high quality matter	42
7297353189	1st law of thermodynamics	Energy cannot be created or destroyed	43
7297354138	2nd law of thermodynamics	Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.	44
7297354975	law of conservation of matter	Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change	45
7297355756	biomass	total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level	46
7297355757	energy flow	The passage of energy through the components of an ecosystem	47
7297356791	surface runoff	Water flowing off the land into bodies of surface water.	48
7297359315	agricultural runoff	water leaving farm fields because of rain, melted snow, or irrigation.	49
7297359979	anthropogenic	Human-induced changes on the natural environment	50
7297363042	anthropocene	the modern geological era during which humans have dramatically affected the environment	51
7297363043	bycatch	unwanted marine creatures that are caught in the nets while fishing for another species	52
7297364818	scarcity	the state of being scarce or in short supply; shortage.	53
7297365755	precipitation	Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface.	54
7297366571	evaporation	The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas	55
7297366572	transpiration	Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant	56
7297367526	condensation	Gas to liquid	57
7297368385	percolation	water traveling Through rocks	58
7297368386	groundwater flow	The movement of groundwater beneath the earth's surface	59
7297369222	greenhouse gases	atmospheric gases that absorb and reradiate the earth's radiation	60
7297370238	universal solvent	water	61
7297370239	overuse	the potential for harm from the provision of a service that exceeds the possible benefit	62
7297371759	infiltration	Flow of water from the land surface into the subsurface.	63
7297372520	leaching	removal of dissolved materials from soil by water moving downwards	64
7297373215	permeate	to spread through, penetrate, soak through	65
7297374064	deforestation	Destruction of forests	66
7297374065	aquafer	continuous groundwater systems. also referred to as the phreatic zone	67
7297374757	species	A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.	68
7297375673	biome	A group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms	69
7297376592	natural selection	A natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment.	70
7297377359	edward o wilson	Social behavior is based on natural selection	71
7297378881	mutation	A rare change in the DNA of a gene, ultimately creating genetic diversity.	72
7297379615	adaptation	A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce	73
7297379616	speciation	the process by which new species are generated	74
7297381249	geographic isolation	Physical separation of a group of individuals from others of the same species	75
7297382157	reproductive isolation	Barriers that impede members of two different species fro producing fertile offspring.	76
7297382880	temporal isolation	Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations reproduce at different times	77
7297384281	BOD	biological oxygen demand- how much oxygen the organisms in the water are consuming	78
7297384282	Dissolved oxygen	oxygen dissolved into the water from the air and released from plants and algae	79
7297386567	outgassing	gases escape from earth's crust	80
7297387385	carbonic acid	a very weak acid formed in solution when carbon dioxide dissolves in water.	81
7297388493	chemical weathering	The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes	82
7297388494	oxidation	the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance in a chemical reaction	83
7297389705	CHONPS	the 6 essential elements of all living things	84
7297390511	sedimentation	the action or process of forming or depositing sediment	85
7297391277	wet deposition	acidic rain, snow, fog, and cloud vapor	86
7297392997	dry deposition	acid pollutants that settle on the earth as solids	87
7297393918	nitrogen fixation	Process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia	88
7297395722	ammoniafication	The process of converting nitrogen into ammonium by bacteria.	89
7297397048	nitrification	ammonia is converted to nitrate ions (NO3-).	90
7297398147	nitrogen assimilation	incorporation of nitrogen into biomolecules	91
7297399429	denitrification	Conversion of nitrates into nitrogen gas	92
7297400433	eutrophication	an increase in the amount of nutrients, such as nitrates, in a marine or aquatic ecosystem	93
7297401663	limiting factor	factor that causes population growth to decrease	94
7297402326	keystone species	A species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem	95
7297403684	generalist	Species that does not rely on a single source of prey	96
7297404770	specialist	better adapted to eat a particular food	97
7297405693	artificial selection	process by which humans modify a species by breeding it for certain traits	98
7297406270	extinction	A term that typically describes a species that no longer has any known living individuals.	99
7297407231	background extinction	extinction caused by slow and steady process of natural selection	100
7297408009	mass extinction	event in which many types of living things become extinct at the same time	101
7297408010	niche	An organism's particular role in an ecosystem, or how it makes its living.	102
7297409064	native species	Species that normally live and thrive in a particular ecosystem	103
7297583420	indicator species	species that serve as early warnings that an ecosystem is being damaged	104
7297585815	invasive species	plants and animals that have migrated to places where they are not native	105
7297586633	exotic species	a species that is not native to a particular region	106
7297590719	interspecific competition	competition between members of different species	107
7297591657	resource partitioning	when species divide a niche to avoid competition for resources	108
7297593492	predator prey	Relationship where one organism eats another organism.	109
7297594237	coevolution	Reciprocal evolutionary adaptations of two interacting species.	110
7297595839	mimicry	Ability of an animal to look like another more harmful animal	111
7297597183	ecological succession	gradual change in living communities that follows a disturbance	112
7297597184	primary succession	succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists	113
7297598044	secondary succession	Succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil	114
7297599298	range of tolerance	The ability to survive and reproduce under a range of environmental circumstances	115
7297599799	population density	The number of individuals in an area of a specific size	116
7297600305	carrying capacity	Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support	117
7297600306	logistic growth	occurs when the growth rate decreases as the population reaches carrying capacity.	118
7297601224	exponential growth	Occurs when the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate	119
7297602583	population crash	dramatic decline in the size of a population over a short period of time When carrying capacity of environment drops suddenly	120
7362466527	HIPPCO	Habitat loss Invasive species Population Pollution Climate change Over exploitation	121
7362472574	pioneer species	First species to populate an area during primary succession	122
7362482959	density independent	factor unrelated to population density that limits a population	123
7362485481	density dependent	Referring to any characteristic that varies with population density.	124