AP Terms Flashcards

10393289347	Antagonist	character(s) who is in conflict with the protagonist, attempting to prevent him/her from reaching his/her goal or resolution	0
10393289348	Caricature	an exaggeration of a character's personal qualities for an intended effect	1
10393289349	Direct Characterization	exposition of a character through explicit means of narration	2
10393289350	Indirect Characterization	exposition of a character through implicit action	3
10393289351	Dynamic character	character that is fully realized in most aspects of personality and who changes as a result of actions and experiences.	4
10393289352	Foil	character who contrasts with another character, usually the protagonist, in order to highlight the characteristics of a more important character	5
10393289353	Motivation	the reason for a character's actions, usually based on his/her moral nature and worldview	6
10393289354	First Person Narrator	the person telling the story, who is also a character within the action of the story and therefore may be unreliable	7
10393289355	Third Person Omniscient Narrator	the person telling the story who is able to move from the viewpoint of each or any character	8
10393289356	Third Person Limited Narrator	the person telling the story from the viewpoint of usually only one character	9
10393289357	Protagonist	the main character of the story, who is responsible for resolving the conflict	10
10393289358	Stereotype	an oversimplified character, lacking individualizing traits and reinforcing an often-negative picture of a particular type of person	11
10393289359	Stock Character	a character who is flat (not changing) and has only one or two identifying traits	12
10393289360	Dynamic Character	a character who changes, who is complex and multi-faceted	13
10393289361	Atmosphere	the prevailing mood of the work, usually established by the setting, thus giving an emotional tone that influences the reader's expectations and attitude toward the piece	14
10393289362	Frame	a narrative that provides a framework for the main story, setting up the interior story at the beginning and providing closure at the end	15
10393289363	Mood	the atmosphere created or suggested by the setting and diction	16
10393289364	Occasion	the immediate context of a work that motivated the speaker's words	17
10393289365	Setting	the narrative background, including geographical location, time, historical context, moral and religious conditions	18
10393289366	Speaker	(Persona) the narrator of the work, who may or may not represent the author	19
10393289367	Stream of Consciousness	presenting the continuous flow of thoughts, ideas, images, and feelings of a character the moment they run through his/her mind	20
10393289368	Abstract language	describing intangible things like ideas or emotions; also denoting general qualities of a person or thing	21
10393289369	Ambiguity	an intentional creation of multiple meanings, both the denotation and one or more connotations	22
10393289370	Cliche	an overused expression, resulting in the loss of its freshness and clarity	23
10393289371	Concrete language	diction referring to specific and tangible persons or things	24
10393289372	Connotation	the emotional implications and associations of a word	25
10393289373	Denotation	the literal meaning of a word (dictionary definition)	26
10393289374	Dialect	speech marked by regional or social differences	27
10393289375	Epithet	a word (noun or adjective) used to point out a meaningful characteristic	28
10393289376	Euphemism	term that replaces another, possibly objectionable, term in order to avoid giving offense	29
10393289377	Literal language	factual language, without embellishment	30
10393289378	Usage	the level of discourse that may be formal or informal, used to aid in the characterization and tone of a work	31
10393289379	Carpe diem	poetry with the theme of "seize the day" specifically applied to youth andlove	32
10393289380	Comedy	a work that involves both with and humor through irony and incongruity	33
10393289381	Comedy of manners	a comedy that exposes the weakness and failure of pretentious of a character	34
10393289382	Complaint	a poem of lament or regret, with the speaker appealing for help	35
10393289383	Dramatic monologue	an extended passage in which the speaker addresses a non-present listener	36
10393289384	Elegy	a poetic meditation on death, usually for a specific person or condition	37
10393289385	Mock epic	a satirical work using the lofty style of the epic in relation to a trivial event or object	38
10393289386	Lyric verse	a shorter poem expressing an emotional state in a single, unified impression	39
10393289387	Parody	a work imitating a serious piece of literature in order to ridicule the work or the author	40
10393289388	Romance	an imaginative work with exotic characters and settings, heroic events, love, and the supernatural, with an occasional disregard of realism	41
10393289389	Horatian Satire	a satirical work that gently ridicules human absurdities and foibles, often in the form of a comedy of manners	42
10393289390	Juvenalian Satire	a satirical work that harshly attacks vice and error with contempt	43
10393289391	Tragedy	a work depicting the struggle of the protagonist in the face of inevitable defeat, often through his/her own pride or other fatal flaw	44
10393289392	Antecedent action	action that came before the starting point of a work	45
10393289393	Climax	the point of highest interest, the turning point of the plot	46
10393289394	Conflict	the struggle between two opposing forces; may be internal or external, a conflict with nature, a human being, society, or the character's own self	47
10393289395	Denouement	the falling action of the story, in which the solution or outcome is provided	48
10393289396	Exposition	introductory material that establishes the setting and mood, as well as the different characters and their relationships	49
10393289397	Flashback	antecedent action that is recalled by the character through inner reflection	50
10393289398	Foreshadowing	the preparation for later plot elements as revealed through action or dialogue	51
10393289399	Resolution	the falling action of a story after the climax	52
10393289400	Rising action	the introduction of the conflict that drives the work	53
10393289401	Subplot	a separate line of events that are related in some way to the main plot	54
10393289402	Interior monologue	a stream-of-consciousness experience on a non-verbalized level, usually representing sensations or emotions	55
10393289403	Naive narrator	narrator, such as a child, who does not understand the full implications of the narrative	56
10393289404	Objective narrator	narrator who reports only what he/she can see and hear, without comment	57
10393289405	Omniscient narrator	narrator who can be inside the minds of all characters and reports from multiple points of view	58
10393289406	Unreliable narrator	the person telling the story, who is also a character within the action of the story and reports events from a personal bias and self-justification	59
10393289407	Emphasis	indication of relative importance of elements by means of climatic order, placement, repetition, accumulation of detail, or contrast	60
10393289408	Grammatical inversion	inversion of word order for a particular effect or to fit meter	61
10393289409	Juxtaposition	the placement of words or phrases side by side to achieve a particular effect	62
10393289410	Level of discourse	the use of formal or informal language for a particular purpose or impression	63
10393289411	Emphatic position	the usage of syntax by placing one element in a position to indicate its importance	64
10393289412	Subordinate position	the usage of syntax by place one or more elements in a position to indicate its lesser importance	65
10393289413	Loose sentence	a sentence that contains a subject and predicate with many modifiers, tending to be long and rambling	66
10393289414	Periodic sentence	a sentence that withholds the main clause until the end of the sentence	67
10393289415	Active voice	verb structure showing the subject taking action	68
10393289416	Passive voice	verb structure showing the subject receiving action	69
10393289417	Authorial voice	the discernible presence of the author as distinct from the narrator, revealing a particular perspective, mood, and tone	70
10393289418	Humor	a type of comedy that is sympathetic with the foibles of human nature, exposing the ridiculous and comical aspects of human affairs	71
10393289419	Hyperbole	an overstatement used for humor or to height an particular effect	72
10393289420	Dramatic irony	an incongruity of events or situations of which the character is unaware but the audience sees clearly	73
10393289421	Irony of situation	a situation which is the opposite of what both the character and the audience might expect	74
10393289422	Verbal irony	use of words to express the opposite of what they mean	75
10393289423	Sarcasm	a statement, often expressing the opposite of the meaning of the words, that is meant to hurt or show disapproval	76
10393289424	Sentimentalism	the conscious overindulgence of emotion in order to enjoy that emotion, replacing ethical and intellectual judgment	77
10393289425	Understatement	a statement whose literal sense is far less than the magnitude of the subject or circumstance	78
10393289426	Wit	the person telling the story from the viewpoint of usually only one character	79
10393289427	Allusion	a brief reference to a commonly known historical or literary figure or work	80
10393289428	Analogy	a description or explanation of something unfamiliar through a description ofsomething more familiar	81
10393289429	Anaphora	the repetition of the same word or words at the start of two or more lines of poetry	82
10393289430	Anticlimax	the placement of details of lesser importance where something greater is expected	83
10393289431	Antithesis	the use of contrasting words, clauses, sentences, or ideas, balancing one against the other in a strong opposition.	84
10393289432	Catalog	the use of lists of people, things, or attributes	85
10393289433	Incongruity	the linking of two incompatible things, often used humorously	86
10393289434	Incremental repetition	the use of repetition to effect successive minor changes in order to enhance and intensify the meaning	87
10393289435	Oxymoron	a combination of ostensibly self-contradictory words	88
10393289436	Paradox	a seemingly contradictory statement that is in fact well-founded, pointing toward the truth	89
10393289437	Parallelism	the presentation of coordinate ideas in a coordinate manner, developing one element of equal importance with another similar element	90
10393289438	Rhetorical accent	a stress on what would normally be an unaccented syllable, to clarify the meaning or intention of a sentence	91
10393289439	Rhetorical question	a question asked for effect, not to elicit a reply, to which the answer is almost always negative	92
10393289440	Structure	the plot or plan of a text	93
10393289441	Volta	a turn; a change in thought signaled by words like but, however, yet, etc.	94
10393289442	Auditory	a literal representation of an sound experience, or an object that can beknown by the sense of sound	95
10393289443	Gustatory	a literal representation of a taste experience, or an object that can be known by the sense of taste	96
10393289444	Olfactory	a literal representation of a smelling experience, or an object that can be known by the sense of smell	97
10393289445	Tactile	a literal representation of a touch experience, or an object that can be known by the sense of touch	98
10393289446	Visual	a literal representation of a sight experience, or an object that can be known bythe sense of sight	99
10393289447	Caesura	a pause in a line of poetry created by the natural speaking rhythm or punctuation, rather than by meter	100
10393289448	End stop	a line of poetry complete as a grammatical unit	101
10393289449	Enjambment	a line of poetry whose grammatical construction continues on to the next line	102
10393289450	Ballad stanza	a stanza of four lines, usually with a rhyme scheme of abab or abcb	103
10393289451	Cinquain	a stanza of five lines	104
10393289452	Envoy	closing stanza of four lines with an abab rhyme scheme; addressed to a prince	105
10393289485	or patron and often repeats the refrain line or provides a summary		106
10393289453	Nonce form	a poetic work that has only one stanza	107
10393289454	Octave	a stanza containing eight lines	108
10393289455	Quatrain	a stanza containing four lines	109
10393289456	Refrain	one or more words repeated throughout a poem, usually at the end of a stanza	110
10393289457	Iambic	meter with two syllables, the second syllable being stressed	111
10393289458	Trochaic	meter with two syllables, the first syllable being stressed	112
10393289459	Falling meter	meter in which the first syllable is stressed	113
10393289460	Foot	a measurement containing a certain number of heavy and light stresses	114
10393289461	Monometer	a line of poetry containing one metrical foot	115
10393289462	Dimeter	a line of poetry containing two metrical feet	116
10393289463	Trimeter	a line of poetry containing three metrical feet	117
10393289464	Tetrameter	a line of poetry containing four metrical feet	118
10393289465	Pentameter	a line of poetry containing five metrical feet	119
10393289466	Hexameter	a line of poetry containing six metrical feet	120
10393289467	Septameter	a line of poetry containing seven metrical feet	121
10393289468	Rising Meter	meter in which the last syllable is stressed	122
10393289469	Scansion	system for describing conventional rhythms, dividing lines into syllables and analyzing the stressed and unstressed syllable to determine the predominant rhythm of the poem	123
10393289470	Stress	the accenting or emphasizing of a syllable	124
10393289471	Couplet	two consecutive lines of verse with the same end rhyme	125
10393289472	Double rhyme	a rhyme of stressed syllables followed by indentical unstressed syllables	126
10393289473	End rhyme	rhyme found at the end of a line of verse	127
10393289474	Full rhyme	a rhyme containing the same vowel but different preceding consonants; also called a perfect rhyme	128
10393289475	Internal rhyme	a rhyme within a line of verse, rather than at the end	129
10393289476	Rhyme scheme	a pattern of rhymes, shown by a letter of the alphabet for each rhyming sound	130
10393289477	Slant rhyme	a rhyme with close, but not perfect, rhyming sounds	131
10393289478	Alliteration	the repetition of initial consonant sounds in words in close proximity	132
10393289479	Assonance	the repetition of vowel sounds, but not of ending consonant sounds (not a full rhyme)	133
10393289480	Cacophony	the conscious use of a combination of harsh, unpleasant sounds	134
10393289481	Consonance	the repetition of the final consonants in stresses syllables, but with different vowel sounds that precede them	135
10393289482	Euphony	pleasant, easy to articulate sounds	136
10393289483	Onomatopoeia	a word that is an imitation of a sound	137
10393289484	Sibilance	have the sounds of s, z, or sh	138