AP GOV Court Cases Flashcards

5107039024	Marbury v Madison	The 1803 case in which the Supreme Court asserted its right to determine the meaning of the U.S. Constitution. The decision established the Court's power of judicial review over acts of Congress.	0
5107081691	McCulloch v Maryland	An 1819 Supreme Court decision that established the supremacy of the national government over state governments. The Court, led by Chief Justice John Marshall, held that Congress had certain implied powers in addition to the powers enumerated in the Constitution.	1
5107081692	Gibbons v Ogden	A landmark case decided in 1824 in which the Supreme Court interpreted very broadly the clause in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution giving Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce as encompassing virtually every form of commercial activity.	2
5107086913	Barron v Baltimore	The 1833 Supreme Court decision holding that the Bill of Rights restrained only the national government, not the states and cities.	3
5107089470	Gitlow v New York	The 1925 Supreme Court decision holding that freedoms of press and speech are "fundamental personal rights and liberties protected by the due process clause of the 14th Amendment from impairment by the states" as well as by the federal government.	4
5107091815	Lemon v Kurtzman	The 1971 Supreme Court decision that established that aid to church related schools must (1) have a secular legislative purpose; (2) have a primary effect that neither advances nor inhibits religion; and (3) not foster excessive government entanglements with religion	5
5107091816	Zelman v Simmons-Harris	The 2002 Supreme Court decision that upheld a state program providing families with vouchers that could be used to pay for tuition at religious school	6
5107094734	Engel V Vitale	The 1962 Supreme Court decision holding that state officials violated the First Amendment when they wrote a prayer to be recited by New York's schoolchildren.	7
5107097066	School District of Abington Township, Pennsylvania v Schempp	The 1963 Supreme Court decision holding that a Pennsylvania law requiring Bible reading in schools violated the establishment clause of the First Amendment	8
5107097067	Near v Minnesota	The 1931 Supreme Court decision holding that the First Amendment protects newspapers from prior restraint	9
5107101213	Roth v United States	the 1957 Supreme Court decision ruling that "obscenity is not within the area of constitutionally protected speech or press"	10
5107101214	Schenck v United States	The 1919 Supreme Court decision upholding the conviction of a socialist who had urged resistance to the draft during World War I. Justice Holmes declared that government can limit speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present danger" of substantive evils.	11
5107103678	Miller v California	The 1973 Supreme Court decision holding that community standards be used to determine whether material is obscene in terms of appealing to a "prurient interest" and being "patently offensive" and lacking in value.	12
5107103679	New York Times v Sullivan	The 1964 Supreme Court decision establishing that, to win damage suits for libel, public figures must prove that the defamatory statements were made with "actual Malice" and reckless disregard for the truth.	13
5107106206	Texas v Johnson	1989 case in which the Supreme Court struck down a law banning the burning of the American flag on the grounds that such action was symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment.	14
5107106207	Zurcher v Standford Daily	A 1978 Supreme Court decision holding that a search warrant could be applied to a newspaper without necessarily violating the First Amendment rights to freedom of the press.	15
5107108934	Miami Herald Publishing Company v Tornillo	A 1974 case in which the Supreme Court held that a state could not force a newspaper to print replies from candidates it had criticized, illustrating the limited power of government to restrict the print media.	16
5107111259	Red Lion Broadcasting Company v Federal Communications Commission	A 1969 case in which the Supreme Court upheld restrictions on radio and television broadcasting similar to those it had overturned in Miami Herald Publishing Company v Tornillo. It reasoned that such regulations are justified because there are only a limited number of broadcasting frequencies available.	17
5107111260	NAACP v Alabama	the 1958 Supreme Court decision that the right to assemble meant Alabama could not require the state chapter of NAACP to reveal its membership list.	18
5107114467	Mapp v Ohio	The 1961 Supreme Court decision ruling that the Fourth Amendment's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures must be extended to the states.	19
5107114468	Miranda v Arizona	The 1966 Supreme Court decision that sets guidelines for police questioning of accused persons to protect them against self-incrimination and to protect their right to counsel.	20
5107118329	Gideon v Wainwright	The 1963 Supreme Court decision holding that anyone, however poor, accused of a felony where imprisonment may be imposed has a right to a lawyer	21
5107119760	Gregg v Georgia	The 1976 Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of the death penalty, as "an extreme sanction, suitable to the most extreme of crimes."	22
5107119761	McCleskey v Kemp	The 1987 Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of the death penalty against charges that it violated the Fourteenth Amendment because minority defendants were more likely to receive the death penalty that were white defendants.	23
5107122952	Roe v Wade	The 1973 Supreme Court decision holding that a state ban on abortions was unconstitutional. The decision forbade state control over the abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy, permitted states to limit abortions to protect the mother's health in the second trimester, and permitted states to ban abortion during the third trimester.	24
5107125767	Planned Parenthood v Casey	A 1992 case in which the Supreme Court loosened its standard for evaluating restrictions on abortion from one of "strict scrutiny" of any restraints on a "fundamental right" to one of "undue burden" that permits considerably more regulation.	25
5107125768	Scott v Sandford	The 1857 Supreme Court decision ruling that a slave who had escaped to a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and that Congress had no authority to ban slavery in the territories.	26
5107127482	Plessy v Ferguson	An 1896 Supreme Court decision that provided a constitutional justification for segregation by ruling that a Louisiana law requiring "equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races" was constitutional.	27
5107127483	Brown v Board of Education	The 1954 Supreme Court decision holding that school segregation was inherently unconstitutional because it violated the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection. This case marked the end of legal segregation in the United States.	28
5107130829	Hernandez v Texas	A 1954 Supreme Court decision that extended protection against discrimination to Hispanics.	29
5107130830	Korematsu v United States	A 1944 Supreme Court decision that upheld as constitutional the internment of more than 100,000 Americans of Japanese descent in encampments during World War II.	30
5107132787	Reed v Reed	The landmark case in 1971 in which the Supreme Court for the first time upheld a claim of gender discrimination.	31
5107135517	Craig v Boren	The 1976 ruling in which the Supreme Court established the "intermediate scrutiny" standard for determining gender discrimination.	32
5107137980	Regents of the University of California v Bakke	A 1978 Supreme Court decision holding that a state university could weigh race or ethnic background as one element in admissions but could not set aside places for members of particular racial groups.	33
5107150366	Adarand Constructors v Pena	A 1995 Supreme Court decision holding that federal programs that classify people by race, even for an ostensibly benign purpose such as expanding opportunities for minorities, should be presumed to be unconstitutional.	34