AP Human Geography Agriculture Flashcards

9195110001	Agribusiness	System of food production involving everything from the development of the seeds to the marketing and sale of food products at the market.	0
9195110002	Cash Crops	Planting large amounts of profitable crops for mass production and sell.	1
9195110003	Commercial Agriculture	Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.	2
9195110004	Double Cropping	Planting and harvesting a crop on a field more than once a year.	3
9195110005	GMOs	Foods that have been altered in a laboratory for specific purposes, such as being disease resistant, increased productivity, or nutrient value	4
9195110006	Intensive Subsistence Farming	A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.	5
9195110007	Monoculture	Dependence on a single agricultural commodity.	6
9195110008	Mechanization	In agriculture, the replacement of human labor with technology or machines.	7
9195110009	Primary Economy	Any economic activity pertaining to the collecting, harvesting, and obtaining of raw materials.	8
9195110010	Plantation Agriculture	Raising a large amount of a 'cash crop' for local sale or export.	9
9195110011	Transhumance	Movement of animal herd to cooler highland areas in the summer to warmer lowland areas in the winter.	10
9195110012	Von Thunen Model	Theory that a commercial farmer wull decide which crops to grow and which livestock to raise depending on the proximity to market.	11
9195110013	Green Revolution	Fully realized in the 1970s-80s, this resulted in new strains of hybrid seeds and fertilizers that dramatically increased the crop output possible from each farm.	12
9195110017	Nomadism	Dry Areas Same climate as livestock ranching(commercial farms in MDCs) Marginalized land	13
9195110018	Mixed livestock and grain	Raise domesticated animals and growing feed	14
9195110019	Commercial Grain Farming	Wheat belt Bread-basket US Corn belt	15
9195110020	Mediterranean Agriculture	An agricultural system practiced in the Mediterranean-style climates of Western Europe, California, and portions of Chile and Australia, in which diverse specialty crops such as grapes, avocados,	16
9195110021	Double cropping	Harvesting twice in one year Employ crop rotation	17
9195110022	Truck Farms	Farm where farmers produce fruits for the market Use mechanization to produce large quantities of fruits and veggies	18
9195110023	Agrarian	relating to land; relating to the management or farming of land	19
9195110024	Agricultural Industrialization	The use of machinery in agriculture, like tractors etc. - makes it easier for farmers to have higher crop yields.	20
9195110025	Agricultural Landscape	The land that we farm on and what we choose to put were on our fields.	21
9195110026	Agricultural Location Model	An attempt to explain the pattern of agricultural land use in terms of accessibility, costs, distance, and prices.	22
9195110027	Biotechnology	A form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes, to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develop other microorganisms for specific purposes.	23
9195110028	Cultivation Regions	Regions were there is agricultural activity. Know these specifically! (ie. Southwestern US is cattle ranching, Mediterranean is crop trees).	24
9195110029	Dairy Farms	specialized in dairy products, N. America, Europe, NOT Africa, South America, Asia	25
9195110030	Desertification	Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.	26
9195110031	Extensive Commercial Agriculture	A crop or livestock system in which land quality or extent is more important than capital or labor inputs in determining output	27
9195110032	Feedlot	a plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market	28
9195110033	Food Desert	An area in a developed country where healthy food is difficult to obtain	29
9195110034	Food Manufacturing	The processes that are used to convert raw materials into finished food products	30
9195110035	Growing Season	The season in which crops grow best. Growing season can vary by location, societies rely on their growing season to which crops they can or can't grow at their latitude.	31
9195110036	Hunting and Gathering	the killing of wild animals and fish as well as the gathering of fruits, roots, nuts, and other plants for sustenance	32
9195110037	Intensive Commercial Agriculture	Intensive farming in a commercial economy, crops have high yields and market value	33
9195110038	Livestock Ranching	an extensive commercial agricultural activity that involves the raising of livestock over vast geographic spaces typically located in semi-arid climates like the American West	34
9195110039	Long-Lot Survey System	A distinct regional approach to land surveying whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals	35
9195110040	Luxury Crops	Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco	36
9195110042	Pastoralism	A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter.	37
9195110043	Organic Agriculture	Approach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs.	38
9195110044	Pesticides	Chemicals used on plants that do not harm the plants, but kill pests and have negative repercussions on other species who ingest the chemicals.	39
9195110045	Planned Economy	a system of production of goods and services, usually consumed or distributed by a governmental agency, in quantities, at prices, and in locations determined by governmental program	40
9195110046	Plant Domestication	genetic modification of a plant such that its reproductive success depends on human intervention	41
9195110047	Primogeniture	right of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son right of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son	42
9195110050	Rectangular Survey System	A system used to divide public domain lands in the United States in which land is divided into 6-mile square townships and subdivided into sections, portions of sections, or irregular lots.	43
9195110051	Root Crops	crop that is reproduced by cultivating the roots of or the cuttings from the plants	44
9195110055	Seed Crops	crop that is reproduced by cultivating the seeds of the plants. crop that is reproduced by cultivating the seeds of the plants.	45
9195110056	Specialization	The concentration of the productive efforts of individuals and firms on a limited number of activities	46
9195110057	Slash and Burn Agriculture	a farming technique in which trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize the land	47
9195110059	Township and Range System	A rectangular land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the U.S. interior.	48
9195110061	Soil Erosion	the wearing away and removal of rock and soil particles from exposed surfaces by agents such as moving water, wind, or ice	49
9195184669	Paddy	word for wet rice, increasingly used to describe a flooded field	50
9195198204	Food security	access at all times to safe and nutritious food	51
9195205593	Horticulture	the growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers	52