America: A Narrative History Chapter 3 Flashcards

7352045986	Social Migration During 17th and 18th Centuries	Farms to villages, villages to cities, and homelands to colonies	0
7352048348	Average settlers	-Young -Male -Poor -Indentured servants -Slaves -Convicts -Mostly British	1
7352051661	Waves of British migration to US	-Puritans -Royalist Cavaliers and their indentured servants -Quakers -Celtic Britons and Scotch-Irish	2
7352055546	Ecology at time of Settler Arrival	Hunting meant loss of wild species, slash-and-burn created rich soil and ideal grazing	3
7352057835	Ecology after Settler Arrival	Settlers viewed resources as privately owned commodities, free-roaming livestock turned feral, fertility declined, increased friction with Natives	4
7352061297	Population Growth in Colonies	Rapid because land was plentiful and labor was scarce	5
7352064259	Birth and Death Rates in Colonies	Married younger, more children and higher longevity than Europe, average age in teens	6
7352065989	Disease	As cities grew, disease approached European levels, Southern humidity and ships brought diseases	7
7352068337	Sex Ratio	Northern colonies/English settlers meant more women	8
7352070373	Attitudes towards Women	Weak and inferior, required submission but better than Europe	9
7352073291	Elizabeth Lucas Pinckney	Celebrated horticulturalist, introduced indigo to US	10
7352076422	Quaker Attitudes towards Women	Viewed as equal, allowed authority in church	11
7352077515	Puritan Attitudes towards Women	Required to be quiet and separate from church affairs	12
7352078840	African-American Religion	Most tried to continue traditional African religion, excluded from Church membership	13
7352080123	Southern Agriculture	Based on staple crops such as tobacco and rice, pine forestry and cattle, large-scale production, profits eaten up by English middlemen	14
7352083887	Indentured Servants	1/2 of white settlers in colonies, many died before completing terms and most remained poor afterwards, convicts could escape hanging	15
7352086266	Slaves	More than three times as many slaves as free immigrants, Africans started as indentured servants before slavery became law	16
7352090966	West African Cultures	Matrilineal, hierarchical, animist, preyed on other tribes to sell as slaves	17
7352094613	Slave Revolt of 1712	Manhattan, slaves set fires then killed whites as they fought fires, strict slave code passed afterwards	18
7352097204	Conspiracy of 1741	Suspicious fires provoked frenzy, Mary Burton accused slaves and people with connections to Spain, "New York's Salem Witch Trials"	19
7352101770	Colonial Gentry	Virginia and South Carolina, imitated English aristocracy	20
7352103569	Religion in colonies	-Southern Anglicans -New England Puritans -Pennsylvanian Quakers	21
7352107270	Township System	Land was given to church then divided among themselves	22
7352108807	Lifestyle of New England	Hard living, no profitable crops, turned to fishing, shipbuilding and whaling, clash between increasing cosmopolitanism and Puritan ideals	23
7352111709	Apprentice-Journeyman System	Master craftsman taught apprentice craft for wages, apprentices became journeymen then master craftsmen themselves	24
7352114389	Trade in the Colonies	Colonies imported manufactured goods from England and exported the raw materials England allowed, balance of trade unfavorable for colonies	25
7352116735	Triangular Trade	Trade between Americas, African slave trade, Europe and West Indies	26
7352121061	Currency	Lack of hard currency so wampum or tobacco, rice, etc. used instead, Parliament banned promissory notes	27
7352123451	Social Tensions in New England	Society became litigious, poverty	28
7352125686	Salem Witch Trials	Preteen girls accused others of witchcraft, those then accused others, people killed until they accused the governor's wife and he disbanded the court	29
7352127917	Economy of Middle Colonies	Surplus food sold to Southern colonies and West Indies, headright	30
7352132298	Great Pennsylvania Road	Primary internal migration route during colonial period, used instead of crossing Appalachians	31
7352134010	Colonial Cities	Location based on access to Europe, high centrality	32
7352139502	Poverty	Urban poor more visible, replicated English policy of public responsibility for indigent with almshouses	33
7352143637	Roads	Began as Native paths, widened into treacherous dirt roads	34
7352146375	Taverns	Most important social and democratic institution, regulated by local ordinances	35
7352151039	Postal Service	Letters initially entrusted to travelers, postal system established and radically improved by Franklin	36
7352155734	Newspapers	Spread in 18th century thanks to more reliable post, important social institution	37
7352159850	John Peter Zenger	Imprisoned for criticizing New York's governor, acquitted on grounds that he published truth, trial emboldened newspapers	38
7352164131	Enlightenment	Standard of living and education rose, people thought of themselves as American, America especially receptive to new science	39
7352167959	Newton's Challenge to Accepted Thought	Showed universe governed by natural laws, this idea reduced God to remote presence	40
7352171772	Benjamin Franklin	Owned a print shop, edited Pennsylvania Gazette, inventor, wrote Poor Richard's Almanack, founded UPenn and American Philosophical Society, Deist	41
7352179157	Education	Seen as responsibility of family and church, most schools in New England	42
7352181662	Great Awakening	Government supported churches and didn't allow outside preachers, in 1740s itinerant evangelists arrived and renewed spiritual devotion and fragmented religious life	43
7352189130	Jonathan Edwards	Restored deeply felt spirituality at Northampton Congregationalist church, graduated valedictorian of Yale at 17	44
7352193301	William and Gilbert Tennent	Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, aggressive and often illegal practices	45
7352195845	George Whitefield	Catalyst of Awakening, immensely popular because of eloquence	46
7352198571	Women during Great Awakening	Targeted for greater spirituality	47
7352199867	Bathsheba Kingsley	Stole her husband's horse to spread the gospel	48
7352200697	Sarah Osburn	Organized large, influential, diverse prayer group	49
7352202640	Mary Reed	Allowed to give testimonials to church	50
7352203800	Reverend James Davenport	New England Congregationalist, told listeners to renounce church and seek own salvation	51
7352206972	Critics of Awakening	Disliked intense emotion and women's voices being heard	52
7352208411	Dissolution of Puritanism	Balance between emotionalism and reason impossible to maintain after Awakening	53