Language and Learning AP Psychology Flashcards
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| 8199045833 | What are the functions of language? | Symbolic, generative, and structured | 0 | |
| 8199086813 | Phonemes | smallest unit of speech that can be distinguished (how you say it); 40 in the english language | 1 | |
| 8199098779 | morphemes | smallest unit of meaning in a language (how the word is structured); 50,000 in the english language | 2 | |
| 8199112080 | 6 month milestone | babbling and cooing | 3 | |
| 8199116052 | 10-13 months milestone | 1st words | 4 | |
| 8199119381 | 19-24 months milestone | vocabulary spurt of 20 words per week | 5 | |
| 8199122825 | 2-3 years milestone | 2 word sentences | 6 | |
| 8199126065 | 3-4 years milestone | sentences to tell stories and use plurals | 7 | |
| 8199133655 | 5 year milestone | uses imaginary speech and well-developed | 8 | |
| 8199141236 | receptive vocabulary | comprehension | 9 | |
| 8199144905 | productive vocabulary | conveying the message verbally | 10 | |
| 8204214531 | overextensions | using a word to describe a wider set of objects (using "ball" for anything round) | 11 | |
| 8204261220 | underextensions | using a word to describe a narrow set of objects (using "puppy" for ONLY their stuffed animal) | 12 | |
| 8204292621 | telegraphic speech | leaving words out of a sentence but still able to convey the message ("want applesauce" or "need potty" | 13 | |
| 8204300353 | over-regulations | incorrectly using rules of grammar | 14 | |
| 8204306361 | theory of acquisition | behaviorist, nativist/biologic, interactionist | 15 | |
| 8204317279 | behaviorist theory of acquisition | states that we learn language simply through imitation | 16 | |
| 8204326958 | nativist/biologic theory of acquisition | states that there are too many sentences for a child to learn language through imitation | 17 | |
| 8204338300 | interactionist theory of acquisition | biology AND imitation play a role in language acquistion | 18 | |
| 8204348372 | is classical conditioning voluntary or involuntary | involuntary | 19 | |
| 8204350207 | UCS | unconditioned stimulus | 20 | |
| 8204352366 | UCR | unconditioned response | 21 | |
| 8204354666 | CS | conditioned stimulus | 22 | |
| 8204356870 | CR | conditioned response | 23 | |
| 8204358572 | extinction | if you don't use it, you lose it | 24 | |
| 8204361563 | spontaneous recovery | if you lose something, then after a while it comes back after a while | 25 | |
| 8204364766 | generalization | association grows to other things | 26 | |
| 8204371474 | is operant conditioning voluntary or involuntary | voluntary | 27 | |
| 8204374361 | Skinner and his thought on behavior | behavior is shaped by positive or negative consequences | 28 | |
| 8204378826 | positive punishment | add something bad (spanking, extra chores) | 29 | |
| 8204380635 | negative punishment | take away something good (take away phone/car) | 30 | |
| 8204386587 | positive reinforcement | add something good (candy, allowance) | 31 | |
| 8204392199 | negative reinforcement | remove something not wanted (exempt from a quiz, lessen chores) | 32 | |
| 8204399388 | fixed ratio | set number of times; bonus every fourth paycheck | 33 | |
| 8204404181 | fixed interval | set length of time; payday every friday | 34 | |
| 8204412005 | variable ratio | random number of times; slots | 35 | |
| 8204414619 | variable interval | random length of time; pop quiz, never know when it will happen | 36 | |
| 8204422298 | albert bandura | thinks that observational carries operant and classical conditioning, that observational conditioning is greater that operant and classical | 37 | |
| 8204477893 | acquisiton | people only reproduced responses that are likely to be reinforced | 38 | |
| 8204686039 | problems with intelligence testing | favor people from urban environments; minority groups with different languages are at a disadvantage because they don't speak english well | 39 |