World History AP: Vocabulary/Glossary Flashcards

9677728979	Absolute monarchs	Type of government that arose in Europe during the seventeenth century in which the monarch controlled nation-state for the greater benefit of the people.	0
9677728980	Alphabet script	Written communication in which symbols represent speech, sounds, and/or letters	1
9677728981	Animism	Belief that life is produced by a spiritual force that is separate from matter; Sometimes includes the belief in the existence of spirits and demons which inhabit particular objects	2
9677728982	anti-Semitism	Hostility and discrimination toward the Jewish people	3
9677728983	Apartheid	Legal and institutional separation of black and whites that existed in South Africa during most of the twentieth century	4
9677728984	Authoritorianism	Enforcement of unquestioning obedience to authority without individual freedom, dictatorships characterize this type of rule	5
9677728985	B.C.E.	Newer historical term which replaces B.C. and stands for Before the Common Era	6
9677728986	Bureacracy	Administrative system based on nonelected officials, policies, and procedures	7
9677728987	C.E.	Newer historical term which replaces A.D. and stands for Common Era	8
9677728988	Caste system	System in which people obtain their rank in the society from their birth parents, change of rank or class in this system is very difficult	9
9677728989	City-state	Form of political organization in which a city-based ruler controls the surrounding countryside	10
9677728990	Civilization	Society that has developed systematic agriculture to produce a food surplus in addition to an elite and merchant class	11
9677728991	Colonization	New settlement of people linked to the parent country through trade and government control	12
9677728992	Columbian Exchange	Exchange of goods, plants, animals, and also diseases that happened after Columbus' initial discovery between the Europe and the America	13
9677728993	Communism	Economic theory which advocates the ownership of property by the community as a whole	14
9677728994	Conservative	Policies that support tradition and stability; during the early nineteenth century, believers of this believed in obedience to political authority and the importance of organized religion	15
9677728995	Coup d'état	French term used to designate a sudden, violent, and forcible overthrow of a government by a small group of people with military or political authority	16
9677728996	Cultural diffusion	Exchange of culture between societires	17
9677728997	Culture	Ideas, customs, language, and skills of a society that are transmitted through time	18
9677728998	Cuneiform	Wedge-shaped writing produced on clay tablets developed by the Sumerians	19
9677728999	Democracy	Government by the people; directly or by elected representatives	20
9677729000	Détente	Lessening of tensions between nations due to treaties or trade agreements	21
9677729001	Dynasty	Family of rulers who pass on the right to rule within the family	22
9677729002	Empire	Government that controls several different territories and people	23
9677729003	Empiricism	Belief that sensory experience through observations and experiments is the only source of human knowledge	24
9677741108	Enlightened Monarchs	Rulers who used the principles of the Enlightenment during their rule while also maintaining their absolute powers	25
9677741109	Enlightenment	Intellectual movement centered in Europe during the eighteenth century that featured the application of scientific methods to the study of society; belief that rational laws and reason can describe society	26
9677741110	Environmentalism	Use of policies to solve environmental problems such as pollution, shortage of natural resources, and population growth	27
9677741111	Epic poem	Long poems that details the deeds of heroes	28
9677741112	Fascism	Government led by a dictator that glorifies the state above the individual	29
9677741113	Feudalism	Economic, political, and social system in which land, worked by peasants who are bound to it, is held by a lord in exchange for military services to an overlord	30
9677741114	Filial Piety	Duty of family members to lower their needs and desires to those of the male head of the family or ruler	31
9677741115	Globalization	Interconnectedness of the nations of the world in communication, commerce, culture, and politics	32
9677741116	Green Revolution	Development of better types of rice, corn, and other grains that have better yields per acre than traditional crops	33
9677741117	Gunpowder Empires	Empires formed by unifying different regions through conquest based on the superior use of firearms	34
9677741118	Hominids	Humans or human-like creatures that walk up-right	35
9677741119	Humanism	Systems of thought with man at the center;man is the sum of all things	36
9677741120	Iconoclasm	Policies that oppose the religious use of images and advocate the destruction of such images	37
9677741121	Ideographic script	Written script in which a graphic symbols represents an idea, concept, or object without expressing that sound that forms its name	38
9677741122	Imperialism	Extension of political and cultural power over many different regions	39
9677741123	Industrial Revolution	Technological revolution starting in England in the mid-seventeenth century in which newly invented machines were used in production leading to population, agriculture, and commercial growth	40
9677741124	Inquisition	General tribunal used to discover and confront heresy in the Roman Catholic Church during the late Middle Ages	41
9677741125	Liberalism	Intellectual movement based on the ideas of the Enlightenment with several loosely assembled tenants; people were to be free as possible from government restraint; government was to be used to protect the civil liberties of the people; emphasis on the use of representative assemblies in which voting and office should be limited to men to property; the rule of constitutions	42
9677741126	Marxism	Intellectual movements developed by Karl Marx in the nineteenth century in which history was defined as a class struggle between groups without power and groups controlling the means of productions	43
9677741127	Mercantilism	Economic policy that many European governments pursued during the eighteenth and nineteenth century; nation was to export more valuable goods than they imported; theoretically the pursuit of this policy makes a nation rich and powerful by keeping the economic resources in the country	44
9677741128	Middle Passage	Voyages of African slaves from Africa to the Americas that occurred from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries	45
9677741129	Migration	Movement of people from one region to another	46
9677741130	Militarism	Dependence on military strength to obtain political objectives	47
9677741131	Modernism	Artistic and literary movement during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in which artists intentionally moved away from all previous artistic styles	48
9677741132	Monotheism	Religious worship of a single god	49
9677741133	Nationalism	Belief that a nation should be made of people who have a common language, traditions, religions, and customs	50
9677741134	Neolithic Revolution	Period of time in which systematic agriculture and the domestication of animals occurred; varies from 8000 to 5000 B.C.E. depending on region	51
9677741135	Nomads	Herding societies that move from place to place in search of better pastureland	52
9677746036	Old Regime	Social system of eighteenth century France that consisted of three estates; clergy, nobility, and middle/lower class	53
9677746037	Oligarchy	Government rued by an elite and powerful few	54
9677746038	Pax Mongolia	Period of time in which transregional trade and commerce was renewed under the watch of Mongolian armies	55
9677746039	Pax Romana	Period of 200 years of relative peace in Roman history	56
9677746040	Polis	Greek city-state which included the city and the surrounding countryside which it controlled and used for farming	57
9677746041	Polytheistic	Religious worship of many different gods	58
9677746042	Realism	Artistic movement of the mid-nineteenth that sought to portray life as it really was	59
9677746043	Reformation	Religious movement of the sixteenth century originating with Martin Luther; demanded the reform of the Roman Catholic Church; resulted in the division of the Church	60
9677746044	Renaissance	Cultural and political movement that began in Italy during the fifteenth century; development of literature and art that were more secular than that of the Middle Ages	61
9677746045	Republic	Government in which leader acquires consent of the governed through voting	62
9677746046	Rogue Nation	Nation that acts outside the boundaries of international and diplomacy	63
9677746047	Romanticism	Artistic and literary movement of nineteenth century Europe; belief that emotion is key to understanding human experience	64
9677746048	Satellite State	Small state that is economically and/or politically dependent on a larger more powerful state; they adjust their policies based on the desires of the larger state	65
9677746049	Scientific Revolution	Intellectual movement of seventeenth century Europe that used empiricism to develop wider scientific and theoretical generalizations	66
9677746050	Secularism	Intellectual movement that rejects the use of religion or religious consideration	67
9677746051	Silk Road	Trading routes that connected European, Indian, and Chinese civilizations transmitting goods and ideas	68
9677746052	Socialism	Political movement that started in Europe during the nineteenth century; wanted the state to control the means of production to create equality in society	69
9677746053	Sultanate	Region ruled by the authority and office of a strictly Islamic monarch	70
9677746054	Terrorism	Use of force or threats to demoralize or intimidate in order to obtain political objectives	71
9677746055	Theocrat	Ruler who claims to have the sanction of a god or gods in directing a government; claims have a powerful effect if the religion is culturally important	72
9677746056	Ptolemaic System	Belief advanced by the second century Greek mathematician that Earth was a fixed point and the celestial bodies orbited around it	73
9677746057	Total War	Warfare that involves the mobilization of an entire nation including its civilian population	74
9677746058	Triangular Trade Network	Network that emerged during the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries; manufactured goods were traded in Africa for slaves; slaves were shipped to the Americas where they were exchanged for sugar, tobacco, and raw cotton; those products were shipped to Europe to be made into finished goods which went back to the colonies or to Africa to begin the trading network again	75
9677746059	Westernization	Process in which a nation adopts the culture and institution that typify the West	76
9677746060	Zionism	Movement that argued that the Jewish people must return to the region of Palestine	77