The American Pageant-Chapter 3 Vocab Flashcards

7579612360	Protestant Reformation	the movement in which it was thought that the Catholic church needed to be revived; leaders included Martin Luther, John Calvin, and King Henry VIII	0
7579612361	Martin Luther	German monk who said that the Bible alone was the source of God's word; started Protestant Reformation; nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Catholic church	1
7579612362	John Calvin	Protestant leader from Geneva who created the dominant religion of American settlers; wrote his theories in Institutes of the Christian Religion	2
7579612363	Institutes of the Christian Religion	written in 1536 by John Calvin; proposed predestination ("elect" souls were destined for heaven)	3
7579612364	predestination	a belief in Calvinism which states that the "elect" souls were destined for heaven, while others were destined for hell	4
7579612365	the "elect"	those destined for heaven; in accordance with Calvinism	5
7579612366	Calvinism	sect of Puritanism created by John Calvin; dominant religion of American settlers; belief in predestination	6
7579612367	Separatists	sect of Puritanism that did not want the "saints" to go to church with the "damned" (as was the case with the Church of England); broke away from the Church of England	7
7579612368	Mayflower	boat (headed by Captain Myles Standish) which carried the English Separatists from Holland to America (Plymouth Bay)	8
7579612369	Dutchification	Separatists who left England for Holland in 1608 were worried that this was affecting their children	9
7579612370	Mayflower Compact	document signed by members on the Mayflower which agreed to submit to the will of the majority under the regulations agreed upon (one of the first forms of self-government in America)	10
7579612371	Puritans	Christian denomination that broke away from the Catholic church during the Protestant Reformation; wanted to revive Catholic church	11
7579612372	Church of England	created by King Henry VIII when he broke ties with the Roman Catholic Church during the Protestant Reformation	12
7579612373	Plymouth Bay	where the pilgrims aboard the Mayflower landed	13
7579612374	Pilgrims	English Separatists who left Holland for America and landed in Plymouth Bay	14
7579612375	William Bradford	elected governor of Plymouth; feared non-Puritan settlers	15
7579612376	Bible Commonwealth	another name for the Massachusetts Bay Colony because of religious drive	16
7579612377	Massachusetts Bay Colony	settled in 1629 by non-Separatist Puritans	17
7579612378	John Winthrop	first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony; helped start economy	18
7579612379	"city upon a hill"	what John Winthrop called Massachusetts Bay Colony because he thought it would serve as a religious model for mankind	19
7579612380	freemen	the only people who could vote in the Massachusetts Bay Colony; adult, Puritan males	20
7579612381	"visible saints"	those who were clearly part of the "elect"; alone were eligible for church membership (therefore, the right to vote)	21
7579612382	John Cotton	clergyman in Massachusetts Bay Colony; defended government's duty to enforce religious rules	22
7579612383	Roger Williams	wanted a clean break with the Church of England and thought the Massachusetts Bay Colony was unfair to Indians and said government shouldn't regulate religious behavior; banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1635; arrived in Rhode Island in 1636 and built a Baptist church; made complete freedom of religion and sheltered Jews, Catholics, and Quakers	23
7579612384	Anne Hutchinson	woman in Massachusetts Bay Colony who preached idea of antinomianism; 1638, banished and forced to walk to and settle in Rhode Island	24
7579612385	antinomianism	the belief that holy life was no true sign of salvation and the saved didn't have to follow laws of God or man; preached by Anne Hutchinson	25
7579612386	General Court	the representative assembly of the Massachusetts Bay Colony	26
7579612387	Squanto	Wampanoag Indian (in Plymouth Bay) who knew English from previously being captured by an Englishman; he helped keep peaceful relations between the English and the Wampanoag for the time being	27
7579612388	Reverend Thomas Hooker	leader of Boston Puritans, who swept in and took control of the Connecticut River Valley	28
7579612389	Fundamental Orders	1639, constitution of Connecticut in which the regime was democratically controlled by citizens	29
7579612390	Massasoit	chief of Plymouth area Wampanoag; signed treaty with Plymouth Pilgrims in 1621 and helped them celebrate first Thanksgiving	30
7579612391	King Phillip (Metacom)	son of Massasoit; forged inter-tribal alliance and assaulted frontier settlements (pushed settlers back to Boston); this slowed English westward march in New England and drastically reduced threat of Indians	31
7579612392	New England Confederation	inter-colonial alliance formed in 1643 between Bay Colony, Plymouth, New Haven, and scattered Connecticut valley settlements; purpose was to provide defense against Indians, French, and Dutch; each colony had two votes; first united representative government in America	32
7579612393	Dominion of New England	1686, created by crown (included NY and East and West Jersey) for protection against Indians and to promote English Navigation Laws; inter-colonial alliance imposed by England	33
7579612394	Navigation Laws	English laws that ended legal trade between colonies and non-English countries; resulted in resentment and smuggling	34
7579612395	Sir Edmund Andros	English-placed leader of the Dominion of New England; despised for affiliation with Chruch of England and for heavy restrictions (taxation without representation); sent back to England by Boston mob	35
7579612396	Glorious Revolution	took place in England in 1688-1689; bloodlessly replaced Catholic James II with Protestant Dutch William II and English May (daughter of James II); inspired colonists to the point that a Boston mob sent Andros back to England	36
7579612397	William and Mary	Protestant Dutch King and English Queen (daughter of James II) who replaced Catholic James II as monarchs of England during the Glorious Revolution	37
7579612398	salutary neglect	new monarchs (William and Mary) relaxed grip on colonial trade; colonies had to rely on themselves and got a taste of independence	38
7579612399	Henry Hudson	Dutch-hired English explorer who ventured into Delaware and NY bay and Hudson River in 1609	39
7579612400	Dutch West India Company	company in Caribbean that raided and traded; also in Africa and in sugar industry in Brazil; established colony in New Netherland (Hudson River) for fur; also bought Manhattan from Indians	40
7579612401	Peter Stuyvesant	one Dutch directors-general in New Netherland (NY) who fought off Swedes and surrendered to English	41
7579612402	Quakers (Religious Society of Friends)	religious group that arose in England in the mid 1600s who were politically and religiously offensive to officials	42
7579612403	William Penn	fled to New World for religious freedom (since he was a Quaker), liberal government, and money; secured grant of Pennsylvania in 1681	43
7579612404	William Laud	reactionary Puritan Archbishop who was persecuted in 1629 when Parliament was dismissed by Charles I; lead Puritans to America, fearing for their faith	44
7579612405	Gustavus Adolphus	Swedish king who carried the torch for Protestantism during the Thirty Years' War of 1618-1648; this motivated the Swedes to enter the colonial game in America, particularly in New York	45
7579612406	franchise	an authorization to sell a company's goods or services in a particular place	46
7579612407	conversion	a spiritual enlightenment causing a person to lead a new life	47
7579612408	doctrine of a calling	Puritan belief that they are responsible to do God's work on earth	48
7579612409	convenant	enter into a formal agreement; promise	49
7579612410	"blue" laws	laws aimed at making sure pleasures stayed simple by repressing certain human instincts	50
7579612411	pacifism	belief that violence and war of any type are unjustifiable and disputes should be setted by peaceful means; part of Quaker belief system, esp. in regards to war	51
7579612412	Great Migration	of the 70,000 who emigrated from England in 1630-1642, 20,000 went to New England while 48,000 went to the West Indies	52
7579612413	Protestant ethic	part of Puritanism in the Bay Colony; involved serious commitment to work and to engagement in worldly pursuits	53