AP Language Analysis Terms Flashcards

10616903844	authority	A reliable, respected source—someone with knowledge.	0
10616906718	audience	the listener, viewer, or reader of a text	1
10616906719	backing	Support or evidence for a claim in an argument	2
10616908925	assertion	a confident and forceful statement of fact or belief	3
10616908926	means vs. ends	Means are motivational only because they produce something else, whereas ends are self-motivating goals desired for no reason other than that is what a person wants. The balance of means goals and end goals can be used to theorize on what we do and why	4
10616911252	deductive reasoning	reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)	5
10616911253	inductive reasoning	A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations.	6
10616916131	alliteration	Repetition of initial consonant sounds	7
10616920965	diction	the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.	8
10616920966	denotation	the literal meaning of a word	9
10616920978	connotation	an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.	10
10616923342	colloquial	Characteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing; often referred to as slang	11
10616923343	formal diction	consists of a dignified, impersonal, and elevated use of language	12
10616923344	informal diction	represents the plain language of everyday use, and often includes idiomatic expressions, slang, contractions, and many simple, common words	13
10616925818	concrete language	Language that refers to things that can be perceived through the senses.	14
10616925819	abstract language	describes ideas and qualities, rather than observable or specific things	15
10616925821	mood	Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader	16
10616928050	imagery	Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)	17
10616928051	setting	The context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs.	18
10616928052	figurative language	Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.	19
10616930236	allusion	A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art	20
10616930237	simile	A comparison of two unlike things using like or as	21
10616930238	metaphor	a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.	22
10616932203	personification	A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes	23
10616932204	hyperbole	exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.	24
10616932205	understatement	the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.	25
10616934191	paradox	A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.	26
10616934192	verbal irony	A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant	27
10616934193	analogy	A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them.	28
10616936413	anecdote	a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person	29
10616939731	metonymy	the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant	30
10616939732	synechdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is used to represent a whole	31
10616941307	rhetorical modes	describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing	32
10616941308	exemplification	a pattern of writing or speaking which is characterized by using one or more particular cases, or examples, to illustrate or explain a general point or an abstract concept	33
10616943641	cause/effect	noting a relationship between actions or events such that one or more are the result of the other or others.	34
10616943642	description	the picturing in words of something or someone through detailed observation of color, motion, sound, taste, smell, and touch; one of the four modes of discourse	35
10616943643	process analysis	the documentation and detailed understanding of how work is performed and how it can be redesigned	36
10616945262	narration	writing that tells a story	37
10616947424	comparison/contrast	A mode of discourse in which two or more things are compared and contrasted. Comparison often refers to similarities, contrast to differences.	38
10616947425	exposition	a comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory.	39
10616954033	argumentation	writing that attempts to prove the validity of a point of view or an idea by presenting reasoned arguments; persuasive writing is a form of argumentation	40
10616954034	repetition	Repeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis	41
10616956305	point of view	the vantage point from which a story is told	42
10616958232	first person	"I" and "Me" standpoint. Personal perspective.	43
10616958233	second person	The narrator tells a listener what he/she has done or said, using the personal pronoun "you." This point of view is rare.	44
10616958234	third person	Point of view in which the narrator is outside of the story or essay - an observer	45
10616959807	subjective	based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions	46
10616959808	objective	Factual, related to reality or physical objects; not influenced by emotions, unbiased	47
10616959809	syntax	The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.	48
10616961579	anaphora	the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses	49
10616961580	antithesis	the direct opposite, a sharp contrast	50
10616966161	asyndeton	the omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence.	51
10616973775	polysyndeton	the use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural	52
10616979483	parallel sentence	a sentence that shows similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words	53
10616979484	periodic sentence	a complex sentence in which the main clause comes last and is preceded by the subordinate clause	54
10616981094	rhetorical question	A question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer	55
10616981095	inverted syntax	A sentence constructed so that the predicate comes before the subject (ex: In the woods I am walking.)	56