AP Language Unit 4 Flashcards

9791508736	Fallacy	an attractive but unreliable piece of reasoning or faulty logic	0
9791508737	Ad hominem	argument fallacy that personally attacks your opponents instead of their arguments	1
9791508738	Appeal to authority	argument fallacy claiming that something must be true because it is believed by someone who is said to be an "authority" on the subject	2
9791508739	Appeal to the bandwagon	argument fallacy based on the assumption that the opinion of the majority is always valid: everyone believes it, so you should too	3
9791508740	Appeal to emotion	argument fallacy that attempts to replace a logical argument with an appeal to the audience's emotions	4
9791508741	Bad analogy	argument fallacy claiming that two situations are highly similar, when they are not	5
9791508742	Cliche thinking	argument fallacy in which a well-known saying is used as evidence as if it is proven or has no exceptions	6
9791508743	False cause	argument fallacy assuming that because two things happened, the first one caused the second one; asserts "correlation implies causation"	7
9791508744	Hasty generalization	argument fallacy making a generalization based on too little or unrepresentative data	8
9791508745	Non sequitur	argument fallacy in which the conclusion does not logically follow its premises; an invalid argument	9
9791508746	Slippery slope	argument fallacy assuming that once started, a situation will continue to its most extreme possible outcome	10
9791508747	Irony	rhetorical device in which what appears on the surface to be the case differs radically from what is actually the case	11
9791508748	Verbal irony	irony in which a person says or writes one thing and means another	12
9791508749	Dramatic irony	irony in which the audience of a drama, play, movie, etc. knows something the character does not and would be surprised to find out	13
9791508750	Situational irony	irony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected	14
9791508751	Rhetorical Appeals	means of persuasion to convince an audience that one's ideas are valid, or more valid than someone else's ideas	15
9791508752	Ethos	the ethical appeal; to convince an audience of the author's credibility or character	16
9791508753	Pathos	the emotional appeal; to convince using an appeal to the reader's emotions	17
9791508754	Logos	the logical appeal; to convince using reasoning, with true premises and valid arguments	18
9791508755	Understatement	when something is presented as less significant than it is, often ironically or humorously	19
9791508756	Litotes	ironic understatement in which something is said by saying what it is not (ex: "The song wasn't terrible." - meaning the song was good or okay)	20
9791508757	Sarcasm	a bitter or mocking comment that is worded ironically or satirically	21