AP Language Vocabulary Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 5980545401 | Ad Hominem | Latin for "to or against the person," this fallacy involves switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker |  | 0 |
| 5980545402 | Ad Populum/Bandwagon Appeal | This fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do." |  | 1 |
| 5980545403 | Allegory | The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning |  | 2 |
| 5980609419 | Alliteration | Repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of several words or syllables in a sentence | 3 | |
| 5980545404 | Allusion | A direct or indirect reference to something that is commonly known. Can be historical, literary, religious, or mythical. |  | 4 |
| 5980545406 | Analogy | A similarity or relationship between two things. Can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with something more familiar. |  | 5 |
| 5980623987 | Anaphora | Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines | 6 | |
| 5980636235 | Anecdote | A brief story used to illustrate a point or claim | 7 | |
| 5980545420 | Antimetabole | Repetition of words in reverse order |  | 8 |
| 5980545407 | Antecedent | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun |  | 9 |
| 5980545408 | Antithesis | A figure of speech that involves an opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction. |  | 10 |
| 5980545410 | Apostrophe | A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction. |  | 11 |
| 5980545409 | Appeal to False Authority | This fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise on a subject is cited as an authority. |  | 12 |
| 5980668657 | Argument | A process of reasoned inquiry. A persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion | 13 | |
| 5980683972 | Aristotelian/Rhetorical Triangle | Diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text | 14 | |
| 5980703772 | Assonance | The repetition of vowel sounds in a sequence of words | 15 | |
| 5980545412 | Asyndeton | Omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words. |  | 16 |
| 5980705384 | Warrant (assumption) | Toulmin Model: expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and the audience | 17 | |
| 5980729054 | Backing | Toulmin Model: consists of further assurances or data without which the assumption would lack authority | 18 | |
| 5980739723 | Begging the Question | A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt. It "begs" the question of whether or not the support itself is sound | 19 | |
| 5980763542 | Blank Verse | Unrhymed iambic penameter | 20 | |
| 5980773784 | Caesura | A pause within a line of poetry, sometimes punctuated, sometimes not, that often mirrors natural speech | 21 | |
| 5980817872 | Circular Reasoning | A fallacy in which the argument repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence. ex: You can't give me a C, I'm an A student! | 22 | |
| 5980850558 | Classical Oration | five part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians. Consists of Introduction, Narration, Confirmation, Refutation, Conclusion | 23 | |
| 5980867441 | Introduction | Classical Oration: introduces reader to the subject under discussion | 24 | |
| 5980872092 | Narration | Classical Oration: provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand or establishes why the subject is a problem that needs addressing | 25 | |
| 5980884524 | Confirmation | Classical Oration: Usually the major part of a text, includes the proof needed to make the writer's case | 26 | |
| 5980904720 | Conclusion | Classical Oration: Brings the essay to a satisfying close | 27 | |
| 5980894450 | Refutation | Classical Oration: addresses the counterargument, is a bridge between the writer's proof and conclusion | 28 | |
| 5980914783 | Complex Sentence | sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause | 29 | |
| 5980924561 | Compound Sentence | sentence that includes at least two independent clauses | 30 | |
| 5980545417 | Context | The circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text. |  | 31 |
| 5980545418 | Counterargument | An opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward |  | 32 |
| 5980930973 | Counterargument Thesis | type of thesis that includes a brief counterargument, usually qualified with 'although' or 'but' | 33 | |
| 5980940437 | Cumulative Sentence | sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of a sentence and then builds and adds on | 34 | |
| 5980967238 | Deduction | logical process wherein you reach a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth (major premise) and applying it to a specific case (minor premise) to form a conclusion | 35 | |
| 5980981932 | Syllogism | use of deductive reasoning | 36 | |
| 5980997445 | Ekphrasis | art or writing that comments on another genre -for instance, a poem that comments on a painting | 37 | |
| 5980545433 | Euphemism | a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts |  | 38 |
| 5981045480 | Enjambment | poetic technique in which one line ends without a pause and continues to the next line to complete its meaning; also referred to as a "run-on line" | 39 | |
| 5981056571 | Enthymeme | a syllogism with one of the premises implied and taken for granted as true ex: You should take her class because I learned so much from her last year | 40 | |
| 5981068006 | Epigram | a short, witty statement designed to surprise an audience to a reader | 41 | |
| 5981075341 | Epigraph | a quotation preceding a work of literature that helps to set the text's mood or suggest it's themes | 42 | |
| 5981083401 | Equivocation | A fallacy that uses a term with two or more meanings in an attempt to misrepresent or deceive | 43 | |
| 5981095691 | Ethos | Greek for "character," speakers appeal to ________ demonstrates that they are credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic. Established by both who you are and what you say | 44 | |
| 5981114837 | Eulogy | a poem, speech, or another work written in great praise of something or someone, usually a person no longer living | 45 | |
| 5981126662 | Faulty Analogy | a fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares things that are not comparable | 46 | |
| 5980545435 | homily | This term literally means, "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice. |  | 47 |
| 5980545436 | hyperbole | a figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement |  | 48 |
| 5981798882 | hortative sentence | sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action | 49 | |
| 5980545439 | irony | the contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant; the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true. |  | 50 |
| 5980545449 | parody | a work that closely imitates the style or content of another work with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule |  | 51 |
| 5980545452 | point of view--first person | The perspective from which a story is told. 1st person--tells the story with the pronoun "I" and is a character in the story. |  | 52 |
| 5980545453 | point of view--third person limited omniscient | Uses "he," "she," and "it." Limited omniscient--the narrator presents the feelings and thoughts of only one character |  | 53 |
| 5980545454 | prose | refers to fiction and nonfiction, written in ordinary language and most closely resembles everyday speech. |  | 54 |
| 5981821859 | imperative sentence | sentence used to command or enjoin | 55 | |
| 5980545456 | rhetoric | Greek for "orator" describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively |  | 56 |
| 5980545461 | polemic | An aggressive argument that tries to establish the superiority of one opinion over all others. Ex. No concession to other arguments. |  | 57 |
| 5981827044 | induction | a logical process wherein you reason from particulars to universals, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion | 58 | |
| 5980545462 | polysyndeton | The deliberate use of multiple conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words. |  | 59 |
| 5981840768 | dramatic irony | tension created by the contrast between what a character says or thinks and what the audience knows to be true | 60 | |
| 5981848849 | situational irony | discrepancy between what is expected and what actually happens | 61 | |
| 5981853361 | verbal irony | figure of speech that occurs when a speaker or character says one thing but means something else or when what is said is the opposite of what is expected | 62 | |
| 5981882292 | periodic sentence | sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end | 63 | |
| 5981898707 | post hoc ergo propter hoc | "after which, therefore, because of which" claims that something is a cause just because it happens beforehand | 64 | |
| 5981906465 | red herring | logical fallacy relies on distraction to derail from an argument, usually by skipping to a new or irrelevant topic | 65 | |
| 5981917477 | rebuttal | Toulmin Model: gives voice to possible objections | 66 | |
| 5981980996 | slippery slope | logical fallacy created by a cause having an illogically exaggerated effect or series of effects | 67 | |
| 5981988248 | stance | speaker's attitude toward the subject | 68 | |
| 5981993221 | straw man | fallacy that occurs when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an idea | 69 | |
| 5982005289 | Toulmin Model | approach to analyzing and constructing arguments Because (evidence as support), therefore (claim), since (warrant or assumption), on account of (backing), unless (reservation) | 70 | |
| 5981923218 | reservation | Toulmin Model: explains the terms and conditions necessitated by the qualifier | 71 | |
| 5980545464 | Qualifier | words used to temper a claim, making it less absolute Ex. usually, probably, maybe, in most cases, most likely |  | 72 |
| 5980545465 | scheme | artful syntax; a deviation from the normal order of words |  | 73 |
| 5980545467 | trope | artful diction; a figure of speech such as metaphor, simile, hyperbole, metonymy, or synecdoche |  | 74 |
| 5980545468 | metonymy | a figure of speech in which something is represented by another thing that is related to it or emblematic of it. |  | 75 |
| 5980545469 | synecdoche | figure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole. Ex. "All hands on deck!" |  | 76 |
| 5980545470 | Zeugma | The use of a word to modify two or more words when it is appropriate to use only one of them or is appropriate to use each but in a different way. Ex. "To wage war and peace" or "On his fishing trip he caught three trout and a cold." |  | 77 |
| 5980545475 | syllogism | A deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises--the first one called major and the second minor--that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion. |  | 78 |
| 5980545477 | syntax | the way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences |  | 79 |
| 5980545480 | tone | tone describes the author's attitude toward his or her material, the audience, or both. |  | 80 |
| 5980545484 | begging the question | A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt. It "begs" a question whether the support itself is sound. |  | 81 |
| 5980545485 | Either/Or (false dilemma) | In this fallacy, the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices. |  | 82 |
| 5980545487 | Hasty generalization | A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate information. Ex. Smoking isn't bad for you; my aunt smoked a pack a day and lived to be 90. |  | 83 |
| 5980545488 | Hortative Sentence | Sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action. Ex. "Let both sides explore what problem unite us..." |  | 84 |