AP Language VOCABULARY Flashcards

10454967384	Alliteration	The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables.	0
10454968282	Allusion	An indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event.	1
10454969290	Anaphora	The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses.	2
10454970549	Ancedote	A short account of an interesting event.	3
10454973106	Annotation	Explanatory or critical notes added to a text.	4
10454973309	Antecedent	The noun to which a later pronoun refers.	5
10454975625	Antimetabole	The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast.	6
10454978539	Antithesis	Parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas.	7
10454981565	Aphorism	A short, astute statement of a general truth.	8
10454984532	Appositive	A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun.	9
10454985716	Archaic Dictation	The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language.	10
10454987124	Aristotelian Triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the argument.	11
10454988182	Assertion	An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument.	12
10455002160	Assumption	A belief or statement taken for granted without proof.	13
10455003228	Asyndeton	Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses.	14
10455010042	Attitude	The speakers position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone.	15
10455014450	Audience	One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.	16
10455018244	Authority	A reliable, respected source - someone with knowledge.	17
10455020254	Bias	Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue.	18
10455038381	Cite	Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source.	19
10455040177	Claim	An assertion, usually supported by evidence.	20
10455041984	Close reading	A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text.	21
10455054071	Colloquial/ism	An informal or conversational use of language.	22
10455074238	Common ground	Shared beliefs, values, or portions.	23
10455075207	Complex sentence	A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.	24
10455082927	Concession	A reluctant acknowledgment or yielding.	25
10455091401	Connotation	That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning (see denotation)	26
10455092261	Context	Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.	27
10455102428	Coordinattion	Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as "and", or "but".	28
10455116766	Counterargument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument.	29
10455117886	Declarative sentence	A sentence that makes a statement.	30
10455120661	Deduction	Reasoning from general to specific.	31
10455121018	Denotation	The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition.	32
10455127833	Diciton	Word Choice	33
10455128074	Documentation	Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing.	34
10455128656	Elegiac	Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone.	35
10455133698	Epigram	A brief, witty statement.	36
10455134470	Ethos	A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see logos and pathos)	37
10455136152	Figurative language	The use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect.	38
10455146514	Figure of speech	An expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning.	39
10455152896	Hyperbole	Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis.	40
10455154128	Imagery	Vivid use of language that evokes a reader;s senses(sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing).	41
10455156940	Imperative sentence	A sentence that requests or commands.	42
10455176491	Induction	Reasoning from specific to general	43
10455177100	Inversion	A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject.	44
10455177722	Irony	A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result.	45
10455179219	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things side by side for emphasis.	46
10455179553	Logos	A Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and pathos)	47
10455181049	Metaphor	A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as thought it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison.	48
10455184200	Metonymy	Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole.	49
10455184539	Oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms.	50
10455185221	Paradox	A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true.	51
10455214971	Parallelism	The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.	52
10455216379	Parody	A piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule.	53
10455219965	Pathos	A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and logos)	54
10459093952	Persona	The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing.	55
10459094357	Personification	Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects.	56
10480191004	Polemic	An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion.	57
10480191440	Polysyndeton	The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions	58
10480191441	Premise (major, minor)	Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise.	59
10480192008	major premise	all mammals are warm-blooded	60
10480192432	Minor premise	All horses are mammals	61
10480196251	Conclusion	All horses are warm-blooded (see syllogism)	62
10480197409	Propaganda	A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information.	63
10480197410	Purpose	One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing.	64
10480197812	Refute	To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument.	65
10480198702	Rhetoric	The art of speaking or writing effectively	66
10480198703	Rhetorical modes	Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argument	67
10480199232	Rhetorical question	A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer	68
10480199804	Rhetorical triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see Aristotelian triangle)	69
10480202277	Satire	An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it.	70
10480202759	Sentence patterns	The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions -- such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.	71
10480236685	Sentence variety	Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect	72
10480236692	Simile	A figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things	73
10480237156	Simple sentence	A statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause	74
10480237602	Source	A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information	75
10480237733	Speaker	A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing	76
10480238618	Straw man	A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position	77
10480238999	Style	The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech	78
10480239547	Subject	In rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing.	79
10480239548	subordinate clause	A clause that modifies an independent clause, created by a subordinating conjunction	80
10480240122	Subordination	The dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence.	81
10480241640	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major premise and a minor premise.	82
10480241863	Syntax	Sentence structure	83
10480242125	synthesize	Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex.	84
10480243175	Thesis	The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer.	85
10480243480	thesis statement	a statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit	86
10480243882	Tone	The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience.	87
10480244299	topic sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis	88
10480244542	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech.	89
10480244543	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	90
10480245337	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetorical, distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	91
10480245751	Zeugma	A construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs — often in different, sometimes incongruent ways — two or more words in a sentence.	92