AP chattanooga state study guide test 3 ch 7,8,9,10,11.5,11.6 Flashcards

9411053877	Functions of the Skeletal system?	support, protection, movement, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, blood formation	0
9411069931	acid-base balance`	buffers blood aginst large pH changes by altering phosphate and carbonate salt levels.	1
9411098321	hemopoiesis	making red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets	2
9411111039	What absorbes shock?	cartilage	3
9411123462	connect bone to bone	ligaments	4
9411126386	connect musclce to bone	tendon	5
9411132192	osteology	study of bones	6
9411137426	sutural (Wormian) bones	small bones that are formed at the suture (lamboid)	7
9411145531	2 parts of bone matrix	organic, inorganic	8
9411151480	organic bone matrix	1/3 of matrix. proteins and collagen	9
9411158953	inorganic bone matrix	2/3 of matrix. hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate, other minerals	10
9411169466	hydroxyapatite	calcium phosphate	11
9411181232	what percent of bone is made from hydroxyapatite	85	12
9411191646	parts of an osteon (Haversian system)	centeral canal, lamellae, lacunae, canaliculus	13
9411198689	centeral canal	nerves, veins, artery	14
9411203179	lamellae	circles of matrix	15
9411205563	lacunae	pockets for osteocytes	16
9411208899	canaliculus	interconnection canals	17
9411211368	rickets	soft bone in children from lack of minerals	18
9411219748	osteomalacia	soft bone in adults from lack of minerals	19
9411225890	osteoporosis	lack of estrogen to maintain bone density	20
9411262240	osteoporosis affects what area of the bone the most	spongy	21
9411269167	osteogenesis imperfecta	brittle bone disease (defect in collagen)	22
9411275395	types of bone development	ossification, osteogenesis	23
9411291362	methods of bone delevopment	intramembranous ossicifacation, endochondrial ossification	24
9411304220	intramembranous ossification	embryonic (mesenchymal cells) turn into osteoblasts then osteocytes (spongy bone) that forms flate bones of the skull and ossifies fontanels	25
9411321690	endochondrial ossiciation	forms bones below the skull except the clavical. mesenchyme to condroblasts, they die and are replaced by osteoblasts to spongy bone to compact bone. forms by replacing hyaline.	26
9411339718	primary ossification occurs	diaphysis	27
9411349937	secondary ossification occurs	epiphysis starts in the middle producing bone leaving cartilage on top and bottom	28
9411352900	diaphysis	shaft	29
9411355983	epiphysis	head	30
9411373866	cartilage on top and bottom of bones	articular (a type of hyaline)	31
9411390972	hypocalcemia	low blood calcium	32
9411394711	hypercalcemia	high blood calcium	33
9411401385	hypocalcemia causes	muscle contraction that doesn't end	34
9411405863	hypercalcemia causes	muscles can not contract	35
9411423266	calcitriol	raises blood calcium by increasing calcium absorption by the small intestine	36
9411427390	calcitonin	lowers blood calcium by inbihiting osteoclysts	37
9411431600	patathyroid	raises blood calcium by increasing osteoclasts	38
9411471542	3 major joint cateogries based on amount of movement	synarthrotic, ampiarthrotic, diarthrotic	39
9411499225	synarthrotic	immoveable	40
9411501955	ampiarthrotic	slightly moveable	41
9411503811	diarthrotic	freely moveable	42
9411526654	4 types of join catergories based on structure	bony, fibrous, cartilageinous, synovial	43
9411536349	bony joints	bone to bone	44
9411540016	synostosis	gap between bone that eventually ossifies into one bone	45
9411551502	fibrous joints	bones bound by collagen and penetrate into the other	46
9411561230	types of fibrous joints	sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses	47
9411587683	types of sutures	serrate, lap, plane	48
9411590965	serrate suture	interlocking wavy line	49
9411592848	lap suture	overlapping beveled edges	50
9411597214	plane suture	straight, non-overlapping edges	51
9411611178	sydesmoses	collagen fibers (fibrous joint) interosseus membrane	52
9411631939	cartilaginous joints	bones linked by cartilage	53
9411655011	types of catilaginous joints`	synchondroses, symphyses	54
9411659066	synchondroses	hyaline cartilage	55
9411664959	symphyses	fibro cartilage	56
9411677863	bones joined by hyaline cartilage	synchondroses	57
9411686619	bones joined by fibrocartilage	symphyses	58
9411707786	synovial joint	ball & socket, hinge, pivot, plane, saddle, condylar	59
9411721626	what warms synovial fluid	exercise	60
9411729684	repetitive compression	exchanges fluid in and out of cartilage	61
9411740745	what does cartilage need the fulid to warm up	exchange wastes and nutrients/oxgyen beucase no blood vessels present in cartilage	62
9411806245	bursa	fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another	63
9411819674	how many carpal bones	8	64
9411822237	how many tarsal bones	7	65
9412121381	compartment syndrome	condition in which collection of fluid in a confined space prevents blood flow	66
9412138654	a chart of the timing and strength of a muscle's contractio	myogram	67
9412158334	twitch	a quick cycle of contraction and relaxation when stimulus is at threshold or higher	68
9412162548	threshold	minimum voltage necessary to generate an action potential in the muscle fiber and produce a contraction	69
9412177631	isometric muscle contraction	internal mucle tension but no movement	70
9412188666	isotonic muscle contraction	muscles move but no change in tension	71
9412194900	concentric contraction	muscle shortens as it maintains tension (example: lifting weights)	72
9412201444	eccentric contraction	muscle lengthens as it maintains tension (example: slowly lowering weight	73
9412217829	2 main pathways to make ATP	anaerobic, aerobic	74
9412226373	anaerobic	with oxygen, short lived, only prduces 2 ATP	75
9412231741	aerobic	requires oxygen, produces 32-38 ATP	76
9412251020	which form of ATP systhesis is made in the cytoplasm	anaerobic	77
9412369294	stages of muscle twitch	neuron send an electrical signal the muscle sends an electrial singal in the cell membrane then a muscle contraction happenes	78
9412400177	Glycolysi	glucose broken down into pyruvic acid which is converted to lactic acid	79
9412443184	myokinase	takes P (phosphate) from ADP	80
9412447931	creatine kinase	obtains P from creatine phosphate	81
9413692532			82