AP World History - Period 1 Flashcards

10569724593	Agriculture	The practice of raising crops or livestock on a continual and controlled basis.	0
10569724594	Artisan	A skilled craftsperson.	1
10569724595	Domestication	The taming of animals and plants for human use, such as for labor or food.	2
10569724597	Animism	The belief that animals, Rivers, and other elements of nature embody spirits.	3
10569724598	Hunter-foragers	People who survived by hunting animals and foraging for seeds, nuts, fruits, and edible roots.	4
10569724599	Irrigation	A way of supplying water to an area of land, the people would use water from the rivers to irrigate their crops.	5
10569724600	Metallurgy	The science of the study of metals.	6
10569724601	Migration	A movement from one country or region to another.	7
10569724602	Monotheism	The belief in one God.	8
10569724603	Paleolithic Period	Old Stone Age, where humanos used stone tools and weapons.	9
10569724604	Specialization of labor	The division of labor that aids the development of skills in a particular type of work.	10
10569724605	Surplus	Having more resources than needed for themselves.	11
10569724606	Textile	Items made of cloth, would be weaved by women and then decorated, usually all at home.	12
10569724607	Urbanization	An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.	13
10569724610	Artifacts	Objects made and used by early humans, usually dug up by archaeologists.	14
10569724612	Neolithic Revolution	The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle.	15
10569724613	Bronze Age	The period in ancient human culture when people began to make and use bronze.	16
10569724614	Civilization	The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.	17
10569724615	Jericho	One of the oldest first human cities that was built on the West Bank of the Jordan river.	18
10569724616	Catal Huyuk	Ancient city in present dat Turkey that was founded in 7500 B.C.E. along a river that has since dried up.	19
10569724617	Nomadic Pastoralism	People moving herds of animals from pasture to pasture.	20
10569724621	Patriarchal	Relating to a society in which men hold the greatest legal and moral authority.	21
10569724622	Merchants	People who buy and sell goods also known as traders.	22
10569724623	Social Stratification	The division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy. Some people accumulated wealth in the form of jewelry and others coveted items by building larger and better decorated houses.	23
10569724624	Priests and Priestesses	People who performed religious ceremonies.	24
10569724625	Tigris and Euphrates Rivers	Flow south from modern day Turkey through what is now Iraq to empty into the Persian Gulf.	25
10569724626	Mesopotamia	Land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers where many ancient civilizations arose from.	26
10569724627	Fertile Crescent	An arc of fertile land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf .	27
10569724628	Sumerians	Group of nomadic pastoralists that migrated into Mesopotamia and created a civilization of Sumer that provided the core and the foundation of several other civilizations.	28
10569724629	Ziggurats	Temples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped.	29
10569724630	Desertification	The spread of desert like conditions.	30
10569724631	Indus River Valley	Developed near water and became the core and foundation of later civilizations in the region.	31
10569724633	Deforestation	The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.	32
10569724635	Mesoamerica	An area of ancient civilization in what is now Central America.	33
10569724638	Polytheistic	Belief in many gods.	34
10569724639	Ziggurats	Temples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped.	35
10569724646	The Huang He and The Chiang Jiang	Where Chinas first civilizations developed.	36
10569724647	Mummification	Involved removing the body's internal organs, drying the body with salts, and packing its insides and wrapping it with chemically treated cloth.	37
10569724648	Hieroglyphics	Egyptian writing that involved using pictures to represent words.	38
10569724650	Vedas	A collection of Aryan religious hymns, poems, and songs.	39
10569724651	Vedic Age	Aryans growing awareness of Dravidian beliefs.	40
10569724652	Brahma	Overarching, universal soul that connects all creatures on Earth.	41
10569724656	Ancestor Veneration	The believe of making offerings to their ancestors in hope to win their favor.	42
10569724657	Golden Age	A period in which a society or culture is at its peak.	43
10569724658	Mandate of Heaven	A just rulers power was bestowed by the gods.	44
10569724659	Upanishads	A foundational text for the set of religious beliefs that later became known as Hinduism.	45
10569724660	Pictographs	A graphic symbol that represents an idea, concept, or object, rather than representing a single sound, as letter systems do.	46
10569724661	Shamans	People who believed to have special abilities to cure the sick and influence the future.	47
10569724662	Core and Foundational civilizations	Civilizations that developed ways of life, such as language, religious beliefs, and economic practices, that would heavily influence successor civilizations in their regions.	48
10569724663	City-State	Typically covered several hundred square miles and were independent each with its own government.	49
10569724664	Kings	Sumerian military leaders became more important than priests and ruled over a territory known as a kingdom.	50
10569724665	Cuneiform	Sumerians created it to keep records which consisted of marks carved onto wet clay tablets.	51
10569724666	Scribes	Individuals who were charged first with record-keeping and later with the writing of history and myths.	52
10569724667	The Epic of Gilgamesh	An epic poem from Mesopotamia, is among the earliest surviving works of literature.	53
10569724668	Empire	Large territory that included diverse cultural groups.	54
10569724669	Babylonians	Persians who took control of Mesopotamia and built a new capital city called Babylon.	55
10569724670	Hammurabi	Babylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia (died 1750 BC), and created a set of laws called the Code of Hammurabi.	56
10569724671	Code of Hammurabi	Law code introduced when Hammurabi of Babylon took over Sumer in 1760 BC, that dealt with topics such as property rights, wages, contracts, marriage, and various crimes.	57
10569724672	Phoenicians	Most powerful traders along the Mediterranean, that occupied parts of present day Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan around 3000 B.C.E.	58
10569724676	Nile River	The river in which early kingdoms in Egypt were centered around.	59
10569724681	Pharaoh	A king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader.	60
10569724682	Theocrats	Rulers holding both religious and political power.	61
10569724686	Hittites	Had military advantage over the Egyptians because they were beginning to use iron tools and weapons.	62
10569724687	Book of the Dead	Scrolls that served as a guide for the afterlife in ancient Egypt.	63
10569724689	Xia Dynasty	Lasted for about 400 years, little is known because early Chinese had no writing system.	64
10569724690	Shang Dynasty	Ruled for 600 years, conquered neighboring peoples and established an empire, wielded tremendous economic and religious power.	65
10569724691	Zhou Dynasty	The longest lasting Chinese dynasty, during which the use of iron was introduced.	66
10569724692	Feudalism	The network of regional rulers with relationships based on mutual defense agreements.	67
10569724693	Maize	One of the first important plants to be grown by the indigenous Americans.	68
10569724694	Chavin Civilization	Existed from around 1000 to 200 B.C.E, and centered at Chavin de Huantar.	69
10569724695	Olmec	The foundation or core of Mesoamerica advanced civilizations.	70