AP World History Era 2 Flashcards

7648395698	Hinduism	many deities, priests=Brahmins (elites), Vedic teachings, moksha, karma	0
7648404950	Buddhism	enlightenment, 4 Noble Truths, Eight-fold path, nirvana	1
7648425504	Daoism	living in harmony with nature, no government, withdrawal from society, "the way," yin and yang	2
7648438475	Legalism	viewed humans as stupid and immoral, strict rules, system of rewards and punishments, good laws rule	3
7648449099	Confucianism	good men rule, don't need law code, moral example of superiors, unequal relationships within society, filial piety	4
7648493496	Christianity	was originally rejected in Rome but eventually spread there through missionaries and merchants, drew on Judaism	5
7648507224	Greco-Roman philosophy	emphasized logic, practical observation, and the nature of political power and hierarchy	6
7648514375	Buddhism and Christianity	What two religions encouraged monastic life?	7
7648689765	Hinduism	What religion doesn't have one single book or single ruler?	8
7648694550	to become one with Brahman which would result in liberation/moksha	What was the Hindu's goal in life?	9
7648700675	moksha	liberation from never ending cycle of soul passing through different lifetimes	10
7648707044	samsara	reincarnation/rebirth of soul	11
7648708749	karma	how a person lives in this life determines what form they will take in the next life	12
7648714188	women were unclean below the naval, Sati where women join men in fire when men are cremated, but there were also women deities	What were the gender roles in Hinduism?	13
7648724749	Vedas	epic poems that provided basis for Hinduism, had hymns, prayers, and rituals that the Brahmins did	14
7648734352	India	Hinduism was the official religion in...	15
7648747151	Siddhartha Guatama	founder of Buddhism, prince from India, set out on 6 year quest to find spiritual enlightenment	16
7648777960	nirvana	state of enlightment, not a place	17
7648786802	karma, rebirth, meditation, final release from cycle of rebirth	What are the similarities between Hinduism and Buddhism?	18
7648794338	Buddhism rejects: religious authority of Hindu Brahmins and Hindu caste system, women had more of a place in Buddhism (women monks)	What are the differences between Hinduism and Buddhism?	19
7648824813	Buddhism declined and Hinduism took over again	What religion declined in India and what religion took over?	20
7648828826	more focus on individual action as a means of achieving spiritual liberation, less emphasis on rituals done by Brahmins, stressed devotion to one of the gods	What did the new wave of Hinduism consist of?	21
7648837957	wealth of monks separated them from commoners, competition from Islam, people turned towards Hinduism	Why did Buddhism decline in India?	22
7648854996	status determined at birth, little (if any) social mobility, sharp class distinctions and great inequalities, inequalities justified by religious/cultural traditions as natural and inevitable	What are the characteristics of India's social class system?	23
7649102208	varnas	ranked classes in Indian caste system, each had its own duties, born into them and remained in them for life, came from the body of the god Purusha	24
7649109486	the Untouchables	class outside of varna system, "polluted" those of higher class, wore bells to alert of their presence	25
7649206624	jatis	sub-castes of varnas according to occupation, each one had its own rules for daily life, didn't mix with others in the different sub-castes	26
7649226187	Aryans	this group developed new civilizations in modern-day India and created the Vedas	27
7649232770	Ashoka	The Mauryan Empire's leader, gained land through conquest until he realized the severity of war, vowed to never go to war again, converted to Buddhism, became benevolent ruler, created laws called Rock Edicts	28
7649243896	Rock Edicts	set up by Emperor Ashoka, stressed concern for human beings, set up free hospitals	29
7649384523	Gupta Empire	this empire developed 500 years after the Mauryan Empire, it traded with Rome, was India's Golden Age of art and science	30
7649444881	poets, philosophers, scientists were welcomed, Arabic numerals, concept of zero, astronomy, Sanskrit writing	What were some of India's achievements?	31
7649509760	Persia	What empire did Cyrus the Great rule?	32
7649513837	23 provinces, each province ruled by a satrap (governor)	What was Persia's empire structure?	33
7649520570	yes, they allowed conquered people to keep their own languages, religions, and laws if they were loyal to the Persian king	Were Persian's tolerant rulers?	34
7649523932	Persepolis	What was the most magnificent city in the Persian Empire?	35
7649526854	Royal Road	What was the longest road in the Persian Empire?	36
7649531341	used to communicate with king, postal service, movement of troops	What was the purpose of the Royal Road?	37
7649538684	Qanat Irrigation	What was a significant piece of technology in Persia?	38
7649600619	Zoroastrianism=one of the oldest monotheistic religions, fight between good and evil, belief in a savior and heaven vs hell, gained support during the Achaemenid dynasty	What was the religion in Persia?	39
7649618956	Achaemenid dynasty/empire	What was the first dynasty/empire in Persia which was lead by the Cyrus the Great?	40
7649637284	Persian Wars	the wars when Persia took over Greek city-states in Ionia (Asia), but the Greeks did not like this and went to war with them, and the Persians lost the war, even though they should've won	41
7649653252	King Darius	the Persian king that led the Persians in the Persian Wars	42
7649675136	Zhou, Qin, Han	What three dynasties ruled China?	43
7649717598	roads, expanded foreign trade, cavalries (groups of warriors on horseback), crossbow iron plows, irrigation and flood-control systems	What were some technological advances in China?	44
7649729494	disorder	What did the Chinese hate?	45
7649737299	Qin Shi Huangdi	Who was the first emperor of the China Empire?	46
7649739457	united China under one central government, organized empire into military districts, enforced Legalistic views, made uniform weights and writing system, building of the Great Wall	What did Qin Shi Huangdi do?	47
7649752706	imposed tax on landowners, only educated men in government, burned books, lost Mandate of Heaven	Qin's strict rule consisted of what?	48
7649757607	founder of Confucianism, believed in ethics, became teacher, book was made of his teachings	Who was Confucius?	49
7649761003	filial piety	respect for one's elders and ancestors in the religion of Confucianism	50
7649772561	ancient Chinese philosopher and writer	Who was Lao Tzu?	51
7649798633	centralized government and elaborate bureaucracy ~ aristocrats	What was the government structure during the Han dynasty?	52
7649814635	Silk Road	What were the trade routes to the west of China called?	53
7649819520	linked east and west, new technology was spread (stirrups, use of pack animals), allowed traders to exchange Chinese silk for Middle Eastern and European products	What was the significance of the Silk Road?	54
7649837640	gunpowder, silk, paper, wheelbarrows, printed books, suspension bridge, compass, stirrups, saddles	What were some Chinese inventions?	55
7649853749	civil service system	this system allowed anyone (but mainly it was the wealthy) to go to school to become educated in Confucianism and take a test to be placed in the government	56
7649856936	over-extension, barbarian invasions, disease, corrupt officials (civil service system deteriorated as people cheated)	why did the Han dynasty fall?	57
7649863871	they essentially became Chinese as they adapted to the Chinese culture	What was different about the barbarians that lived in China?	58
7649873930	women subordinate to men, hierarchy within family, "men go out, women stay in," women followed the 3 obediences, yin and yang gave justification to men over women	What was the patriarchy like in China?	59
7649882176	after the collapse of the Han dynasty, nomadic invasions occurred, and the nomad women were less restricted and had an influence on Chinese women	How did the patriarchy in China loosen?	60
7649892194	first was emperor, then elite government officials, then landlords, then peasants, then merchants	What was the social structure in China?	61
7649897736	they provided food for the rest of the population	Why were the peasants in Chinese culture valued?	62
7649999905	patricians (wealthy) and plebeians (not wealthy land-owners)	What were the two social groups in Rome?	63
7650028931	legislative and executive branches	What did the Roman Republic consist of?	64
7650033219	elected people to executive branch, senate proposed laws, advised consuls, etc.	in the Roman Republic, what did the legislative branch do?	65
7650038032	headed by 2 consuls: patrician officials elected to 1 year terms, either consul could veto the actions of the other, occasionally appointed dictators in times of war	what did the executive branch do in the Roman Republic?	66
7650055954	tribunes	plebeians were eventually given representation in these	67
7650057467	the Twelve Tables	the Roman laws were called	68
7650065278	paterfamilias	in Rome, father had absolute control over family, head of the household	69
7650067098	household were large and close-knit, paterfamilias, wives had few legal rights	what was the patriarchy like in Rome?	70
7650130732	soldiers were organized into legions	what was a form of military technology in Rome?	71
7650143140	he became a Christian, which set the example that Christianity was acceptable in Rome, and actually encouraged	What was the significance of Emperor Constantine?	72
7650149002	Christians were first persecuted for many years, but once it spread so much, Constantine became a Christian and was baptized, so it was acceptable in Rome. Christianity helped link Rome together.	What was the history of Christianity in Rome?	73
7650160201	separate city-states that shared common culture, each city-state called a polis, at center was an Acropolis	what was the structure of Greece?	74
7650193889	land-owning males	Who were considered citizens in Greece?	75
7650197549	colonies	Each polis in Greece sent out groups of people to set up	76
7650204440	a democracy (government by the people)	What kind of government was Athens?	77
7650206776	an oligarchy (a few wealthy people hold power)	What kind of government was in Sparta?	78
7650220965	Sparta	Greek city-state known for war and military	79
7650220966	2 kings ruled, but had little power, Assembly had most power, Council of Elders served as Supreme Court and proposed laws to the Assembly	What did the oligarchy in Sparta consist of?	80
7650250905	less of a patriarchy than other Greek places, women were required to exercise and be strong, could go shopping, express political opinions, but could not take part in government	What was the patriarchy in Sparta like?	81
7650262158	citizens were all males: didn't have to own land, Constitution=reduced friction between social classes	What did the government consist of in Athens?	82
7650281094	women stayed home=cooked, made clothing, poor women worked in markets selling goods	What was the patriarchy in Athens like?	83
7650290613	in the Pelopennesian War, most Greek city-states (not Sparta) joined together to defeat Persia. Athens did so good military wise that Sparta became jealous and a civil war broke out. The city-states became weak and the Macedonians came in and took over	How did the Macedonians take over Greece?	84
7650306909	Alexander the Great	Who spread Hellenistic culture?	85
7650389363	the Mayans	civilization in Africa at the Yucatan Peninsula, not 1 unified empire, city-states that shared common culture	86
7650572505	agriculture and trade, farmers brought surplus crops to open markets and traded	What was Mayan economy based on?	87
7650392343	political and spiritual	Mayan kings were both ...... and ...... leaders	88
7650424359	ball game: pok-a-tok	In the Mayan civilization, this game symbolized the back and forth struggle between this world and the next	89
7650438438	mathematics and astronomy, developed accurate calendars, first of native american cultures to develop writing	What were some examples of advances in science during the Mayan civilization?	90
7650489915	it is unclear, possibly agricultural breakdown, famine, disease, political disunity	How did the Mayan civilization collapse?	91
7650566762	Teotihuacan	civilization that had excavations of many pyramids, apartment compounds, workshops, and a huge marketplace	92