AP World History: Chapter 4 (Mr. Arns) Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 10643015951 | Legalism | A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments. |  | 0 |
| 10643015952 | Confucius (Kong Fuzi) | The founder of Confucianism (551-479 B.C.E.); an aristocrat of northern China who proved to be the greatest influence on Chinese culture in its history. Chinese philosopher who promoted a system of social and political ethics emphasizing order, moderation, and reciprocity between superiors and subordinates |  | 1 |
| 10643015953 | Ban Zhao | A major female Confucian author of Han dynasty China (45-116 C.E.) whose works give insight into the implication of Confucian thinking for women. |  | 2 |
| 10643015954 | Daoism | A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Laozi. |  | 3 |
| 10643015955 | Upanishads | Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E. |  | 4 |
| 10643015956 | Vedas | The earliest religious texts of India, a collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. 600 B.C.E. |  | 5 |
| 10643015957 | Aristotle | A Greek polymath philosopher (384-322 B.C.E.); student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. |  | 6 |
| 10643015958 | Theravada | "The Teaching of the Elders," the early form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha was a wise teacher but not divine and which emphasizes practices rather than beliefs. |  | 7 |
| 10643015959 | Buddhism | a religion, originated in India that believes life is full of suffering caused by desire and that the way to end this suffering is through enlightenment |  | 8 |
| 10643015960 | Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) | The Indian prince who turned ascetic (ca. 566-486 B.C.E.) who founded Buddhism. |  | 9 |
| 10643015961 | Mahayana | "Great Vehicle," the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the Common Era, which gives a much greater role to supernatural beings and proved to be more popular than original (Theravada) Buddhism. |  | 10 |
| 10643015962 | Nirvana | The end goal of Buddhism, in which individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity & great compassion. |  | 11 |
| 10643015963 | Bhagavad Gita | A great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation. |  | 12 |
| 10643015964 | Zoroastrianism | Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra. |  | 13 |
| 10643015965 | Zarathustra | A Persian prophet, traditionally dated to sixth or seventh century B.C.E. (but perhaps much older), who founded Zoroastrianism. |  | 14 |
| 10643015966 | Judaism | The monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh/YHWH) with concerns with social justice. |  | 15 |
| 10643015967 | Isaiah | One of the most important prophets of Judaism, whose teachings show the transformation of the religion in favor of compassion and social justice (eighth century B.C.E.) |  | 16 |
| 10643015968 | Greek rationalism | A secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in Classical Greece in the period 600 to 300 B.C.E.; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms. |  | 17 |
| 10643015969 | Socrates | The first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism toward questions of human existence (469-399 B.C.E.) |  | 18 |
| 10643015970 | Plato | A disciple of Socrates whose Dialogues convey the teachings of his master while going beyond them to express Plato's own philosophy; lived from 429 to 348 B.C.E. |  | 19 |
| 10643015971 | Constantine | Roman emperor (r. 306-337 C.E.) whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the triumph of Christianity in Europe. |  | 20 |
| 10643015972 | Paul of Tarsus (Saint Paul) | The first great popularize of Christianity (10-65 C.E.) |  | 21 |
| 10643015975 | Church of the East | Planted churches in Syria and Persia that were distinct in theology and practice from the Roman Church |  | 22 |
| 10643015976 | Perpetua | Christian martyr (one who was killed for their beliefs) from Carthage. Educated and wealthy, she died being fed to leopards. |  | 23 |
| 10643015973 | Jesus of Nazareth | The prophet/god of Christianity (ca. 4 B.C.E.-30 B.C.E.). |  | 24 |
| 10643015974 | Theodosius | Roman emperor (r. 379-395 C.E.) who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman state, banning all polytheistic rituals. |  | 25 |
| 10643015977 | Confucianism | the ethical system of Confucius, emphasizing moral order, the humanity and virtue of China's ancient rulers, and gentlemanly education | 26 | |
| 10643015978 | Daoism | A principal philosophy and system of religion of China that is based on writings attributed to Lao Tzu, advocates conforming one's behavior and appreciation of nature. | 27 | |
| 10643015979 | Laozi | ancient Chinese philosopher and writer and the founder of philosophical Taoism | 28 | |
| 10643015980 | Upanishads | a part of the Vedas, are ancient Sanskrit texts that contain some of the central philosophical concepts and ideas of Hinduism | 29 | |
| 10643015981 | Hinduism | a major religious and cultural tradition of South Asia. Has no single founder, no single scripture, and no commonly agreed set of teachings. | 30 | |
| 10643015982 | Siddhartha Gautama | was born in the sixth century B.C. in what is now modern Nepal. Known as the Buddha, he is the founder of Buddhism. | 31 | |
| 10643015983 | Zoroastrianism | a monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster in the 6th century BC. | 32 | |
| 10643015984 | Judaism | is an ancient monotheistic Abrahamic religion with the Torah as its foundational text. It encompasses the religion, philosophy and culture of the Jewish people. | 33 | |
| 10643015985 | Christianity | Is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ believed to be the son of God. World's largest faith. | 34 | |
| 10643015986 | Islam | is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion teaching that there is only one incomparable God (Allah) and that Muhammad is the messenger of God. | 35 | |
| 10643015987 | Abraham | Common patriarch of the three major monotheistic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. | 36 | |
| 10643015988 | Jesus of Nazareth | Born in 4 CE and referred to by Christians as Jesus Christ, he was a Jewish preacher, carpenter and religious leader. Believed by Christians to be the Messiah prophesied in the Old Testament. | 37 | |
| 10643015989 | 5 Relationships | According to Confucianism the smooth functioning of government and society rested on five key relationships: father-son, ruler-subject, eldest son-younger son, husband-wife, friend to friend. | 38 | |
| 10643015990 | Filial Piety | In Confucian philosophy it's a virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors. | 39 | |
| 10643015991 | Yellow Turbans | Daoist rebellion to overthrow the Han dynasty. | 40 | |
| 10643015992 | Buddhism | is a moral philosophy and sect of hinduism began by Siddhartha Gautama and is based on the 4 noble truths and 8 fold path | 41 | |
| 10643015993 | Vedas | are a large body of knowledge texts originating in the ancient Indian subcontinent. Composed in Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism. | 42 | |
| 10643015994 | Caste System | groups assigned by birth not personality to create social order and a hierarchy in Hinduism. Based on the concepts of dharma, karama and reincarnation. | 43 | |
| 10643015995 | Brahmins | a member of the highest Hindu caste, that of the priesthood. | 44 | |
| 10643015996 | Samsara/reincarnation | belief that the soul is eternal and lives many lifetimes, in one body after another and that all life is sacred. Linked to the caste system. | 45 | |
| 10643015997 | Karma | the sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existence | 46 | |
| 10643015998 | Enlightenment | The release from samsara in Hinduism | 47 | |
| 10643015999 | Nirvana | a transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self, and the subject is released from the effects of karma and the cycle of death and rebirth. It represents the final goal of Buddhism. | 48 | |
| 10643016000 | Theravada/Mahayana | Sects of Buddhism | 49 | |
| 10643016001 | Bhagavad Gita | is a 700 verse Hindu scripture in Sanskrit that is part of the Hindu scripture. | 50 | |
| 10643016002 | Palestine | The Land promised to the Hebrew people as part of the covenant with God. | 51 | |
| 10643016003 | Ten Commandments | Moral code of behavior revealed to Moses by God. | 52 | |
| 10643016004 | Yahweh | a form of the Hebrew name of God used in the Bible. | 53 | |
| 10643016005 | Five Pillars | The tenants of which the Islamic religion is based on. Moral and religious code. | 54 | |
| 10643016006 | Ramadan | s the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, and is observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting to commemorate the first revelation of the Quran to Muhammad according to Islamic belief | 55 | |
| 10643016007 | Muhammad | Believed by Muslims to be the final messenger and prophet sent by God. | 56 | |
| 10643016008 | Hajj | an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, the most holy city for Muslims, and a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime | 57 | |
| 10643016009 | Isaac and Ishmael | sons of Abraham. Jews trace their lineage through Isaac and Arabs through Ishmael. | 58 | |
| 10643016010 | Muslims | people that practice the islamic religion | 59 |