Ap World History Strayer Chapter 5 Flashcards

11141211397	China's Scholar-Gentry Class	lived luxuriously, benefited from wealth and from power and prestige, located in both rural and urban areas, had multi-storied houses, fine silk clothes etc	0
11141211398	Wang Mang	a high court official of the Han Dynasty who usurped the emperor's throne in 8 c.e. and immediately launched a series of startling reforms	1
11141211399	Ge Hong	person born in an aristocratic family who studied Daoism seeing the disorder and disturbances in Chinese daily life, later held several military positions, yearned for solitary and interior life and spend his latest years thinking about legalism Daoism and Confucianism	2
11141211400	Yellow Turban Rebellion	A peasant revolt starting in 184 c.e. named for the yellow scarves the peasants wore on their head, unifying ideology of Daoism, goal of "Great Peace" a golden age of equality and harmony	3
11141211401	Varna	four social classes in India, relating to Caste system	4
11141211402	Jati	divisions within the varna, groups of similar people, sub-caste	5
11141211403	Ritual Purity	In Indian social practice, the idea that members of higher castes must adhere to strict regulations limiting or forbidding their contact with objects and members of lower castes to preserve their own caste standing and their relationship with the gods.	6
11141211404	Greek and Roman Slavery	In the Greek and Roman world, slaves were captives from war and piracy (and their descendants), abandoned children, and the victims of long-distance trade; manumission was common. Among the Greeks, household service was the most common form of slavery, but in parts of the Roman state, thousands of slaves were employed under brutal conditions in the mines and on great plantations.	7
11141211405	Spartacus	A Roman gladiator who led the most serious slave revolt in Roman history from 73 to 71 B.C.E.)	8
11141211406	The Three obediences	In Chinese Confucian thought, the notion that a woman is permanently subordinate to male control: first to her father, then to her husband, and finally to her son	9
11141211407	Patriarchy	a form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line,	10
11141211408	Empress Wu	The only female "emperor" in Chinese history (r. 690-705 C.E.), Empress Wu patronized scholarship, worked to elevate the position of women, and provoked a backlash of Confucian misogynist invective.	11
11141211409	Aspasia	A foreign woman resident in Athens (ca. 470-400 B.C.E.) and partner of the statesman Pericles who was famed for her learning and wit.	12
11141211410	Pericles	A prominent and influential statesman of ancient Athens (ca. 495-429 B.C.E.), he presided over Athens's Golden Age	13
11141211411	Helots	The dependent, semi-enslaved class of ancient Sparta whose social discontent prompted the militarization of Spartan society	14
11141211412	Bhagavad Gita (Hinduism)	Most sacred section of the Mahabharata; key Hindu beliefs; some scholars consider it to be Hinduism's most important religious text	15
11141211413	Mahabharata	the longest single poem in the world, about a war fought between two branches of the same family. One of India's greatest epics written between 1000 and 700 BC	16
11141211414	Brahmins	Priests, at the top of the caste system which the Aryans made	17
11141211415	Kshatriyas	rulers and warriors	18
11141211416	Vaishyas	The artisan and merchant varna of the caste system.	19
11141211417	Shudras	The landless peasants and serfs of the caste system.	20
11141211418	Untouchables (Dalits)	Lowest of the caste system (sometimes not even considered part of the caste)	21
11141211419	Jainism	a religion founded in India in the sixth century BC, whose members believe that everything in the universe has a soul and therefore shouldn't be harmed. Mahavira founded this religion.	22
11141211420	Upanishads	Stated that all creatures on earth were part of a larger soul, or Brahma	23
11141211421	Ahisma	non-violence	24
11141211422	Buddhism	Belief system that started in India in the 500s BC. Happiness can be achieved through removal of one's desires. Believers seek enlightenment and the overcoming of suffering.	25
11141211423	Ascetic	One who leads a life of self-denial and contemplation; absent of luxury	26
11141211424	4 Noble Truths	Core of Buddha's doctrine; all life involves suffering, desire is the cause of suffering, elimination of desire brings the end to suffering, and disciplined life conducted in accordance with the Eightfold Path brings elimination of desire	27
11141211425	Nirvana	The state of englightenment for Buddhists.	28
11141211426	Buddhism, Jainism, and Hinduism were all hoping to end the cycle of	Reincarnation	29
11141211427	Hindus believe that ones caste has anything to do with with ones	Karma	30
11141211428	Vedes	religious writings in india written in sanskrit	31
11141211429	Dharma	the religious and moral duties of an individual	32
11141211430	Mauryan Empire	The first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent. It was founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 324 B.C.E. and survived until 184 B.C.E. From its capital at Pataliputra in the Ganges Valley it grew wealthy from taxes.	33
11141211431	Ashoka Maurya	The grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, he took the Mauryan Empire to its height. Famously converted to Buddhism after the deadly Kalinga Wars	34
11141211432	Why did the Mauryan Empire fall?	Economic issues and invasion, followed by regional rule.	35
11141211433	Gupta Dynasty	(320-550 C.E.)Ruling family in India during its golden age. Responsible for many achievements.	36
11141211434	Indus became an important destination on the	Silk roads	37
11141211435	Arabic numerals	Indian numerical notation brought by the Arabs to the West.	38
11141211436	Nalanda	a famous Buddhist university located in the eastern Ganges Valley	39
11141211437	Mauryan empire and Gupta empire allowed	Religious freedom	40
11141211438	Why did the Gupta Empire fall?	White Huns conquered India around 550 ce	41
11141211439	Confucius/Confucianism	Great Chinese philosopher. His teachings become the backbone of Chinese and many Asian cultures. The teaching of Confucius based around ancestor worship, respecting relationships, golden rule, father was head of household	42
11141211440	Filial piety	The duty of family members to put the male head of the family's needs above their own	43
11141211441	Daoism	A religion in China which emphasizes the removal from society and to become one with nature. 500s bce laozi founded it	44
11141211442	Legalism	A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments.	45
11141211443	Qin Dynasty	(221-207 BCE) The first centralized dynasty of China that used Legalism as its base of belief.	46
11141211444	Terra Cotta Army	8,000 clay soldiers guarding emperor Qin's tomb - built to take with him to the afterlife	47
11141211445	Han Dynasty	Chinese dynasty that ruled for most of the period from 202 B.C. to A.D. 220, founded by han wudi, standardized civil service exams, centralized government	48
11141211446	Pax sinica	China's "golden age"; a period of relative peace and advancement during Wudis rule	49
11141211447	Silk road	an ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean (4,000 miles)	50
11141211448	Why did the Han dynasty collapse?	weak leaders, rebellion, corruption, diseases from silk road	51
11141211449	Yellow Turban Rebellion	A major Chinese peasant revolt that began in 184 C.E. and helped cause the fall of the Han dynasty, scarves worn by peasant, led by daoists	52