Ap World History Ethan Flashcards

11325193885	Porcelain Definition	is a ceramic material made by heating materials, generally including kaolin, in a kiln to temperatures between 1,200 and 1,400 °C	0
11325193886	Porcelain Context	There was a large increase in the trade on the silk road and they needed new trade goods	1
11325193887	Porcelain Significance	It was one of china's biggest exports in Chinese history and it was popular all throughout the continent	2
11325193888	Woodblock Printing Definition	is a technique for printing text, images or patterns used widely throughout East Asia and originating in China in antiquity as a method of printing on textiles and later paper. for the text to be printed was first written on a sheet of paper. The paper was then glued face-down to the wood block and, using a knife, the characters on the paper were carefully engraved on the wood. The surface of wood block was then inked and covered with a sheet of paper. By gently brushing the paper over the engraved characters, the text was printed.	3
11325193889	Woodblock printing context	Paper had been discovered and thus they wanted to make it faster to copy text, so the made a copying machine. with it they had many book shops.	4
11325193890	Woodblock printing significance	It printed so much faster and efficiently that it became a good business to sell them along the silk road.	5
11325193891	Junks Definition	Junk, classic Chinese sailing vessel of ancient unknown origin, still in wide use. High-sterned, with projecting bow, the junk carries up to five masts on which are set square sails consisting of panels of linen or matting flattened by bamboo strips. Each sail can be spread or closed at a pull, like a venetian blind. The massive rudder takes the place of a keel, or centreboard. The hull is partitioned by solid bulkheads running both transversely and longitudinally, adding greatly to strength. Chinese junks sailed to Indonesian and Indian waters by the early Middle Ages.	6
11325193892	Junks context	Junks first appeared during the Han dynasty and were first used to explore.	7
11325193893	Junks Significance	They were so large that they could carry a lot of trade items and that greatly increased sea trade to all parts of asia because they were so fast and maneuverable.	8
11325193894	Feudal Japan Definition	The era of feudalism in Japan took place from the 12th through 19th centuries. During that period local rulers, either powerful families or military warlords, dominated the land, while the emperor was merely a figurehead and not a significant political presence.	9
11325193895	Feudal Japan Context	occurred 1185-1868. It was the age of the samurai and warrior leaders.	10
11325193896	Feudal Japan Significance	a time when powerful families (daimyo) and the military power of warlords (shogun), and their warriors, the samurai ruled Japan. The Yamato family remained as emperor, but their power was seriously reduced because the daimyo, shoguns, and samurai were so powerful.	11
11325193897	Shinto Definition	the native religion of Japan, primarily a system of nature and ancestor worship.	12
11325193898	Shinto context	Before buddhism arrived, shintoism was the dominant religion. They were devoted to the spirits of nature. They made rituals to help make sense of the Universe.	13
11325193899	Shinto significance	has remained important because the Japanese understand the significance of native religious beliefs, especially when they are wholesome, religious convictions that stress a strong family bond and peace throughout the community.	14
11325193900	Indian Ocean Trade Networks Definition	The Indian Ocean trade routes connected Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and East Africa. From at least the third century BCE, long-distance sea trade moved across a web of routes linking all of those areas as well as East Asia. In the classical era, major empires involved in the Indian Ocean trade included the Mauryan Empire, the Han Dynasty, the Achaemenid Empire, and the Roman Empire.	15
11325193901	Indian Ocean Trade Networks Context	From at least the third century BCE, long-distance sea trade moved across a web of routes linking all of those areas as well as East Asia (particularly China).	16
11325193902	Indian Ocean Trade Networks Significance	Long before Europeans "discovered" the Indian Ocean, traders from Arabia, Gujarat, and other coastal areas used triangle-sailed dhows to harness the seasonal monsoon winds. Domestication of the camel helped bring coastal trade goods - silk, porcelain, spices, slaves, incense, and ivory - to inland empires, as well.	17
11325193903	Hanseatic League Definition	organization founded by north German towns and German merchant communities abroad to protect their mutual trading interests.	18
11325193904	Hanseatic League Context	The league dominated commercial activity in northern Europe from the 13th to the 15th century. The origins of the league are to be found in groupings of traders and groupings of trading towns in two main areas: in the east, where German merchants won a monopoly of the Baltic trade, and in the west, where Rhineland merchants (especially from Cologne [Köln]) were active in the Low Countries and in England.	19
11325193905	Hanseatic League Significance	The League aimed to protect trade, which meant that maintaining peace was also a major concern. It sometimes waged war but favored peace.	20
11325193906	Trans Saharan Trade definition	As Adu Boahen has explained, the trans-Saharan caravan trade began to take place on a regular basis during the fourth century, as an expanded version of the pre-existing intra- and interregional trade among peoples of the forest, savanna, Sahel, and Sahara. Major items that where traded were salt, slaves and gold.	21
11325193907	Trans Saharan Trade Context	Trade from 700s to 1600s.	22
11325193908	Trans Saharan Trade Significance	Helped several empires and countries with needed slave labor to build famed structures. Mainly in Arab states.	23
11325193909	Ibn Battuta definition	Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta was a Moroccan Muslim scholar and traveler. He was known for his traveling and undertaking excursions called the Rihla. His journeys lasted for a period of almost thirty years, covering nearly the whole of the known Islamic world.	24
11325193910	Ibn Battuta context	Born in Tangier, Morocco, Ibn Battuta came of age in a family of Islamic judges. In 1325, at age 21, he left his homeland for the Middle East. He intended to complete his hajj—the Muslim pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca—but he also wished to study Islamic law along the way.	25
11325193911	Ibn Battuta Significance	but when he returned to Morocco for good in 1354, the country's sultan ordered him to compile a travelogue. He spent the next year dictating his story to a writer named Ibn Juzayy. The result was an oral history called A Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Traveling, better known as the Rihla (or "travels").	26
11325193912	Ghana Definition	The Republic of Ghana is named after the medieval Ghana Empire of West Africa. The actual name of the Empire was Wagadugu.	27
11325193913	Ghana Context	Ghana was the title of the kings who ruled the kingdom. It was controlled by Sundiata in 1240 AD, and absorbed into the larger Mali Empire.	28
11325193914	Ghana Significance	Ghana was called the Gold Coast. The Portuguese who came to Ghana in the 15th Century found so much gold between the rivers Ankobra and the Volta that they named the place Mina - meaning Mine. The Gold Coast was later adopted to by the English colonisers. Similarily, the French, equally impressed by the trinkets worn by the coastal people, named The Ivory Coast, Cote d'Ivoire. In 1482, the Portuguese built a castle in Elmina. Their aim was to trade in gold, ivory and slaves. In 1481 King John II of Portugal sent Diego d'Azambuja to build this castle.	29
11325193915	Mali Definition	The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Musa Keita. The Manding languages were spoken in the empire.	30
11325193916	Mali Context	The Empire was founded in 1235 CE by the legendary King Sundiata [ii], and lasted until the early 1600s.	31
11325193917	Mali Significance	It was the largest empire in West Africa and profoundly influenced the culture of West Africa through the spread of its language, laws and customs. Became powerful by controlling the rich trans-Saharan trade routes between northern and western Africa, especially the gold trade. Mali was located in an agriculturally rich area along the upper Niger River.	32
11325193918	Swahili Culture definition	It is the mixture of Perso-Arab and Bantu cultures in Kilwa that is credited for creating Swahili as a distinctive East African culture and language. The diverse history of the Swahili Coast has also resulted in multicultural influences on Swahili arts, including furniture and architecture.	33
11325193919	swahili culture Context	culture of the Swahili people inhabiting the Swahili Coast. This littoral area encompasses Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and Mozambique, as well as the adjacent islands of Zanzibar and Comoros and some parts of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Malawi.	34
11325193920	swahili culture significance	. Around the 8th century, the Swahili people engaged in the Indian Ocean trade. As a consequence, they were influenced by Arabic, Persian, Indian, and Chinese cultures. During the 10th century, several city-states flourished along the Swahili Coast and adjacent island. They were Muslim, cosmopolitan, and politically independent of one another.	35
11325193921	Mansa Musa Definition	Mansa Musa (about 1280 - about 1337) was an emperor (mansa) of the Mali Empire during the 14th century. He became emperor in 1307.	36
11325193922	Mansa Musa context	He became the first Muslim ruler in West Africa to make the nearly four thousand mile journey to Mecca. Preparing for the expedition took years and involved the work of artisans in numerous towns and cities across Mali.	37
11325193923	Mansa Musa significance	He was the first African ruler to be widely known throughout Europe and the Middle East. He was a devoted Muslim, and built many schools based on the teachings of the Qur'an. at his time was worth $400 billion, is still the richest man to date.	38
11325193924	Delhi Sultanate definition	refers to the various Muslim dynasties that ruled in India (1210-1526). It was founded after Muhammad of Ghor defeated Prithvi Raj and captured Delhi in 1192. In 1206, Qutb ud-Din,	39
11325193925	Anchorage Definition	a part of a body of water protected and deep enough to be a place of safety for ships	40
11325193926	Delhi sultanate context	principal Muslim sultanate in north India from the 13th to the 16th century. Its creation owed much to the campaigns of Muʿizz al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Sām (Muḥammad of Ghūr; brother of Sultan Ghiyās̄ al-Dīn of Ghūr) and his lieutenant Quṭb al-Dīn Aibak between 1175 and 1206	41
11325193927	Delhi Sultanate significance	one of his generals, proclaimed himself sultan of Delhi and founded a line of rulers called the Slave dynasty, because he and several of the sultans who claimed succession from him were originally military slaves.	42
11325193928	Anchorage Context	Indian Ocean Trade was increasing	43
11325193929	Anchorage Significance	In a time when Indian ocean trade was increasingly important to have areas that would protect ships and their cargo.	44
11325193930	Cahokia definition	the location where Mississippian culture thrived before European explorers landed in the Americas. The ruins of this sophisticated native civilization are preserved at Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site in Collinsville, Illinois	45
11325193931	Cahokia Context	From about 700 CE to 1400 CE, this site flourished and was once one of the greatest cities in the world.	46
11325193932	Cahokia Significance	This complex society at Cahokia prospered in the fertile lands off of the Mississippi River (situated across the river from modern St. Louis, Missouri), and it was booming long before Europeans came to America.	47
11325193933	Toltec definition	a member of an Indian people living in central Mexico before the advent of the Aztecs and traditionally credited with laying the foundation of Aztec culture.	48
11325193934	Toltec Context	The Toltecs sacked and burned the great city of Teotihuacán about 900 CE. Tradition tells that this occurred under the leadership of Mixcóatl ("Cloud Serpent"). Under his son, Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcóatl, they formed a number of small states of various ethnic origins into an empire later in the 10th century.	49
11325193935	Toltec Significance	The advent of the Toltecs marked the rise of militarism in Mesoamerica. They also were noted as builders and craftsmen and have been credited with the creation of fine metalwork, monumental porticoes, serpent columns, gigantic statues, carved human and animal standard-bearers, and peculiar reclining Chac Mool figures.	50