AP World History Chapter 9 Key Terms Flashcards

8264200366	Charlemagne	King of the Franks (r. 768-814); emperor (r. 800-814). Through a series of military conquests he established the Carolingian Empire, which encompassed all of Gaul, and parts of Germany and Italy. Though illiterate himself, he sponsored a brief intellectual revival	0
8264233931	Medieval	Literally "middle age," a term that historians of Europe use for the period ca. 500 to ca. 1500, signifying it's intermediate point between Greco-Roman antiquity and the Renaissance.	1
8264273637	Byzantine Empire	Historians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century onward, taken from "Byzantium," an early name for Constantinople, the. Byzantine capital city. The empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453.	2
8264299394	Kievan Russia	State established at Kiev in Ukraine ca. 880 by Scandinavian adventurers asserting authority over a mostly Slavic farming population.	3
8264319242	Schism	A formal split within a religious community.	4
8264434595	Manor	In medieval Europe, a large, self-sufficient landholding consisting of the lord's residence (manor house), outbuilding, peasant village, and surrounding land.	5
8264453264	Serf	In medieval Europe, an agricultural laborer legally bound to a lord's property and obligated to perform set services for the lord.	6
8264473654	Fief	In medieval Europe, land granted in return for a sworn oath to provide specified military service.	7
8264482357	Vassal	In medieval Europe, a sworn supporter of a king or lord committed to rendering specified military service to that king or lord.	8
8264509364	Papacy	The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head.	9
8264519004	Holy Roman Empire	Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. It lasted from 962-1806.	10
8264539732	Investiture controversy	Dispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands.	11
8264552235	Monasticism	Living in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty. It was a prominent element of medieval Christianity and Buddhism. Monasteries were the primary centers of learning and literacy in medieval Europe.	12
8669847215	Horse Collar	Harnessing method that increased the efficiency of horses by shifting the point of traction from the animal's neck to the shoulders; favors spread of horse-drawn plows and vehicles	13
8669857204	Crusades	(1095-1094) Armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians dertermined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule	14
8669871293	Pilgrimage	Journey to a sacred shrine by Christians (and other religions) seeking to show their piety, fulfill vows, or gain absolution for sins	15