AP World History - Era 1 Flashcards

Important terms, people, places, and events.

11417566641	agrarian	rural life, dominated by farming	0
11417566642	Alexander the Great	Philip of Macedon's son; taught by Aristotle; widely expanded Macedonian dominance; conquered Persian Empire and shores of Indus River; developed three empires: Antigonid (Greece and Macedon), Ptolemaic (Egypt), and Seleucid (Bactria and Anatolia)	1
11417566643	Analects of Confucius	compilation of Confucius' thoughts and sayings; had profound influence on Chinese thinking, both politically and culturally	2
11417566644	Bronze Age	latter part of the Neolithic Era; when people learned how to combine copper with tin to create an even harder metal	3
11417566645	bureaucracy	way of organizing government taks by department/bureau so that different parts of the government could specialize and stabilize	4
11417566646	civilization	large areas of land with large populations and distinct, organized cultures	5
11417566647	city-states	each one had its own urban center and agricultural land; sometimes combined into one because they shared common cultural characteristics but still independent and competed with each other	6
11417566648	Code of Hammurabi	extensive code developed by King Hammurabi of Babylon that dealt with every part of daily life; credited as a significat step toward our modern legal codes	7
11417566649	cuneiform	a form of writing developed by the Sumerians	8
11417566650	democracy	citizens of an empire/region voted on everything; in Greek polis, every male citizen was expected to participate on a regular bases	9
11417566651	domestication	people controlling/taming animals to do their own bidding; they got different food products from animals, and they no longer needed to move to get enough food to survive	10
11417566652	egalitarian	equality for all	11
11417566653	Eight Fold Path	made up of right views, right apsirations, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right endeavor, right mindfulness, and right meditation; following this path enables people to move toward nirvana	12
11417566654	emperor	the supreme ruler of an empire, such as in China and in Rome	13
11417566655	empire	a region that one sigle ruler controls	14
11417566656	feudalism	peasants are tied to the land; they work for their landlord in exchange for food, shelter, and protection	15
11417566657	foraging	traveling from point to point as the climate and availability of plants and animals dictated	16
11417566658	Four Noble Truths	what Buddhists follow instead of a supreme being	17
11417566659	Great Wall	separate fortification walls that were connected by the Qin Dynasty	18
11417566660	Han Dynasty	ruled from 200 B.C.E. to 200 C.E. by the Huns from northern Asia; civil service system and examination was developed	19
11417566661	Hellenism	the culture, ideals, and pattern of life of Classical Greece	20
11417566662	hierarchy	a system with different groups in a certain order, like the caste system in India	21
11417566663	the Huns	northern nomadic tribes who took over China and invaded Europe	22
11417566664	hunter-gatherer	people who depended on nature for sustenance and at the mercy of nature	23
11417566665	irrigation	usually simple dikes and canals to capture floods water and precious fertile silt; helped pupolations get steady water supplies and a fairly reliable plumbing and sewage system	24
11417566666	Legalism	dominant belief system of Qin rulers, believed everyone is evil and strict/harsh laws were necessary	25
11417566667	monotheism	believing in only one god	26
11417566668	Neolithic "New Stone" Revolution	people moved from nomadic lifestyles to agricultural lifestyles and town and city life	27
11417566669	nomadic	moving from place to place depending on the migration patterns of animals and the seasons; people were at the mercy of nature	28
11417566670	pastoral	domestication of animals, small-scale agriculture to supplement the main food supply of animal products	29
11417566671	Pax Romana	period of peace and prosperity in Rome during Augustus Caesar's rule	30
11417566672	polytheism	worshipping more than one god	31
11417566673	Roman Republic	had social/political structure of patricians (land-owning noblemen), plebeians (all other free men), and slaves; organized as representative republic with the Senate and the Assembly	32
11417566674	Shang Civilization	rose in Hwang Ho River Valley; used its stable agricultural surplus to build a trade-centered civilization; controlled parge parts of northern China and was militarily quite powerful; limited contact with world (except Mesopotamia); ethnocentric attitude; patriarchal structure	33
11417566675	Shi Huang Di	the first emperor of China who recentralized various feudal kingdoms; Qin Dynasty; oversaw the construction of the Great Wall of China	34
11417566676	Siddhartha Gautama	young Hindu prince who founded Buddhism; rejected his wealth to serach for the meaning of human suffereing; became Buddha/Enlightened One	35
11417566677	Silk Road trade	extended from China to the Roman Empire; pastoral communities along the way procided protection, shelter, and supplies for merchants in exchange for payment; culture/religion and disease spread along this trade route	36
11417566678	surplus	having more than is needed; this allowed people in different civilizations to specialize in different types of work (artisans, merchants, etc...)	37
11417566679	theocracy	goverened by god/priests	38
11417566680	the Torah	the Jewish Bible; made up of the first five books of the Old Testament	39
11417566681	vassals	dependent landlord in feudal society who gave loyalty and homage to a feudal lord and received the right to occupy the lord's land and be protected by him	40
11417566682	Xiongnu	large nomadic group from northern Asia believed to be Huns; invaded territories extending from China to Eastern Europe	41
11417566683	ziggurats	temples built by the Sumerians, kind of like pyrmaids, to appease their gods	42