AP World History/Geography: Chapter 8 Vocabulary Flashcards

8107309314	Analects	The book that held Confucius's teachings and was compiled by his students. It teaches of junzi and the three Confucian values	0
8107310060	Ban Zhao	45-115 ce. Renowned female historian and scholar of the Han dynasty, and author of the Book of Han	1
8107312283	Confucianism	Who: Confucius What: the teachings of Confucius When: (551-479 BCE) Where: Northern China Why: to create government officials that were junzi or superior individuals that focused on ethics So What: an important way of combining government and religion back then	2
8107313331	Daodejing	Book that is the fundamental work of Daoism	3
8107314057	Daoism	Chinese philosophy with origins in the Zhou dynasty; it is associated with legendary Laozi, and it called for a policy of non-competition	4
8107314711	Eunuchs	Castrated males, originally in charge of the harem, who grew to play major roles in government; they were common in China and other societies	5
8107316094	Han Dynasty	Who: Liu Bang founder of the dynasty What: last Chinese dynasty and had a centralized government with strict and strong social discipline When: (206 BCE-220 CE) and in the hand dynasty there was a temporary collapse (9-23 CE) so (206 BCE-9 CE) is the Early Han and (25-220 BCE) is Later Han Where: Chang'an was the capital, Luoyang in the Later Han So What: was biggest/ most important dynasty	6
8107316851	Han Feizi	A student of the Confucian scholar Xunzi, a systematic Legalist theorist. Served as an advisor at the Qin court, but fell to ambitious men who made him take poison	7
8107317463	Han Wudi	Who: greatest and longest ruler of the Han Dynasty What: was a major ruler in the Han dynasty and focused on two things in his rule: administrative centralization and imperial expansion When: (141 87 BCE) Where: Han Dynasty China Why: was Legalist So What: majorly influenced and grew China	8
8107317869	Junzi	"superior individuals" role in government service	9
8107322518	Kong Fuzi	Who: aka Confucius What: developed the ideas of Confucianism When: (551-479 BCE) Where: Northern China Why: wanted to fix political and social order with high moral values while emphasizing ren, li, and xiao	10
8107323318	Laozi	Who: founder of Daoism What: taught Daoism and helped spread it When: Period of the Warring States Where: China Why: to create a emphasis on living simply in harmony with nature, not focused on the superficial things in life	11
8107324771	Legalism	Who: Shang Yang and Han Feizi What: the thought for government that focused on strict discipline When: end of the Period of the Warring states, unified China Where: China So What: it brought together and unified China creating the Han and Win dynasties	12
8107325358	Li	Confucian concept, a sense of propriety	13
8107325360	Liu Bang	helped overthrow Qin dynasty, 1st emperor of the Han dynasty, was born a peasant and worked way up to emperor	14
8107326221	Mencius	Who: one of Confucius' disciples along with Xunzi What: emphasized Confucius' belief in ren, acting like a good human and having an attitude of kindness When: (372-289 BCE) Why: Tried to switch government to Confucianism So What: most people thought he was naive to think that the government could be run from goodness	15
8107326222	Modu	Who: the Xiongnu's most influential ruler What: he was an extremely powerful ruler of the Xiongnu and "whatever he said goes" When: (210-175 BCE) Where: steppes of Central Asia So What: he was so powerful among his people he brainwashed his military to shoot their arrows at whatever he pointed too; he killed his own dad for power	16
8107326637	Period of Warring States	Last centuries of the Zhou dynasty (403-221 B.C.E.) when wars divided the region until the establishment of the Qin dynasty ended the disunity.	17
8107327916	Prescriptive Literature	Who: historians What: texts that prescribe how things should be, according to their authors (opinionated) When: Han dynasty (206 BCE- 220 CE) Where: China	18
8107328593	Qin	Who: the dynasty ruled by Qin Shihuangdi What: the dynasty that only lasted 14 years but brought China out of the Period of Warring States When: (221-206 BCE) Where: China So What: this unified China and was the basis of Legalism for China (Legalism lasted all the way up until the 20th century)	19
8107329087	Qin Shihuangdi	The first emperor of the unified Qin dynasty. He overworked the people to build Xianyang, roads, and many canals to facilitate domestic trade	20
8107329422	Ren	confucian concept of an attitude of kindness and benevolence or a sense of humanity	21
8107329815	Sericulture	the cultivation of silkworms for the production of silk	22
8107336099	Shang Yang	Who: served as a chief minister to the duke of Qin state What: his policies survive in the "The Book of Lord Shang" and from his policies the Legalist Doctrine emerged When: (390-338 BCE) Where: Western China So What: Legalism beliefs were founded from him and those beliefs unified China	23
8107336783	Sima Qian	Who: a historian who served the punishment of being castrated What: he composed numerous historical accounts of the emperor's reigns and sketches of them; he also documented many ministers, statesman, generals, merchants, artisans, and officials When: 99 BCE Han Dynasty Where: China So What: these documents this person created is how we know so much about the rulers in ancient china today	24
8107340536	Terracotta Army	Who: Qin Shihuangdi What: tens of thousands of life sized clay sculptures of warriors that were put in an elaborate underground tomb (also horses and weapons too) When: 210 BCE Where: China Why: to protect emperor Qin Shihuangdi in his afterlife (first emperor and only emperor for the Qin dynasty So What: shows his importance to the Qin people	25
8107340909	Wang Mang	Who: regent ruler of the split portion in between until he claimed himself ruler by the Mandate of Heaven; the Early Han dynasty and the Later Han dynasty What: made one large mistake by not communicating a new rule well and it went downhill from there When: (9-23 CE) Where: China So What: His empire	26
8107341690	Wuwei	Who: Daoists What: Daoists chief moral value that encouraged disengagement from the worldly affairs and to live in harmony with nature When: period of Warring States Why: they felt that if they lived in harmony with nature and did not participate in bettering themselves they could live in peace So What: this could have symbolized an escape from the warring that was happening at the time	27
8107342422	Xiao	Who: Confucius What: Confucianist idea that regarded high respect towards family and ancestors, especially elders in family When: all throughout China family has played a prominent role Where: China So What: emphasized family in everything	28
8107343573	Xianyang	Who: Qin Shihuangdi and the Qin dynasty What: the capital of the Qin dynasty When: (221-206 BCE) Where: near Hao (in Zhou) (modern city of Xi'an) So What: it is were Qin Shihuangdi governen the empire	29
8107344242	Xiongnu	Who: the greatest threats to the Han dynasty What: aided to the temporary downfall of the Han dynasty When: Han dynasty Where: steppes of central Asia Why: they were powerful militarily because they were masters at shooting accurately while moving So What: they were the largest threats to the Han	30
8107346001	Xunzi	Who: one of Confucius's disciples What: focused mostly on the Confucianist idea of li and really focused on education and strong social discipline When: (298-238 BCE) Where: China Why: social discipline = order in government	31
8107347612	Yellow Turban Uprising	The rebellion that severely weakened the Later Han dynasty. It tested the limits of the emperor's power and was a key factor in the fall of the Han Dynasty	32
8107348295	Zhou	Chinese dynasty (122-256 bce) that was the foundation of Chinese thought formed during this period: Confucianism, Daoism, Zhou classics	33
8107348527	Zhuangzi	A Chinese philosopher (369-286 B.C.E.) who spelled out the teachings of Daoism.	34