AP Language Terms Flashcards

10426201426	active voice	when the subject is doing the acting. ex: Clarke killed Finn.	0
10426208199	adage	a traditional saying that conveys a common experience or observation. ex: The early bird gets the worm.	1
10426217256	ad hominem	directed against a person's character rather than the position they are maintaining (argument or reaction)	2
10426229238	allegory	a literary work in which the characters and events represent a hidden meaning that relate to morals, religion, or politics.	3
10426229239	alliteration	(used especially in poetry) the use of the same sound or sounds, usually consonants, at the beginning of several words that are close together.	4
10426230327	allusion	a casual or indirect reference to something,	5
10426230328	ampersand	the sign & (standing for and)	6
10426231456	anadiplosis	repetition of the words or phrase at the end of a sentence or clause at the beginning of the next.	7
10426307872	analogy	a comparison between things that have similar features, often used to help explain a principle idea.	8
10426309775	anaphora	the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses	9
10426309776	anectdote	a short account of a specific incident or event, especially of an interesting nature	10
10426310062	antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.	11
10426310063	antithesis	the direct opposite, a sharp contrast	12
10426310064	aphorism	A brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life.	13
10426831977	apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love.	14
10426833201	appositive	A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun. ex: Raven, the smart engineer, was the best engineer in camp.	15
10426833202	archetype	a very typical example of a certain person or thing.	16
10426834392	argumentation	writing that attempts to prove the validity of a point of view or an idea by presenting reasoned arguments; persuasive writing is a form of argumentation.	17
10426835335	assonance	the similarity of sounds.	18
10426879527	asyndeton	omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words.	19
10426890696	auditory imagery	sense of hearing	20
10426891710	balanced sentence	a sentence in which words, phrases, or clauses are set off against each other to emphasize a contrast.	21
10426891711	burlesque	an absurd or comically exaggerated imitation of something, especially in a literary or dramatic work; a parody.	22
10426891712	cacophony	A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds	23
10426892119	caricature	a picture, description, or imitation of a person or thing in which certain striking characteristics are exaggerated in order to create a comic or grotesque effect.	24
10426892120	chiasmus	a rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form	25
10426892876	colloquialism	spoken or written communication that seeks to imitate informal speech.	26
10426892877	compound sentence	a sentence composed of at least two coordinate independent clauses.	27
10426892878	complex sentence	a sentence made up of at least one main clause and one subordinate clause.	28
10426894156	compound-complex sentence	a sentence having two or more coordinate independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.	29
10426894157	connotation	an idea that is implied or suggested	30
10426894158	consonance	repetition of consonants, usually at the ends of words.	31
10426894159	concession	something that is allowed or given up, in order to end a disagreement or the act of allowing or giving this.	32
10426895571	conditional statement	a sentence in which one half expresses something which depends on the other half. (often starting with if or unless)	33
10426895572	counterargument	an argument offered in opposition to another argument.	34
10426896735	cumulative sentence	sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on (also known as a loose sentence)	35
10426897096	denotation	the literal meaning of a word.	36
10427783544	deduction	the act of subtracting from a whole.	37
10427783545	diction	the choice of words and phrases used in a speech or writing	38
10427783546	discourse	communication in speech or writing	39
10427783547	dramatic irony	situation in which the audience of a play knows something that the characters don't know.	40
10427783792	ellipsis	the omission of parts of words or sentences, but the sentence can still be understood.	41
10427783793	ethos	set of ideas and attitudes that is associated with a particular group of people or a particular type of activity.	42
10427783794	epanalepsis	the repetition of a word or phrase at regular intervals.	43
10427783960	euphemism	a word or phrase used to replace one that is considered offensive or too harsh.	44
10427783961	euphony	any agreeable (pleasing and harmonious) sounds	45
10427784536	exposition	a comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory.	46
10427838106	extended metaphor	a metaphor introduced and then further developed.	47
10427838885	figurative language	Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or insights.	48
10427838886	foreshadowing	providing vague hints and advance indications; often builds suspense or anxiety in the reader.	49
10427838887	gustatory imagery	sense of taste	50
10427839124	hyperbole	a description that is exaggerated, usually not meant to be taken literally.	51
10427839125	hypophora	raising a question and immediately answers it.	52
10427839548	idiom	a phrase or expression that has a meaning in which differs from the literal meaning of its part taken together.	53
10427839549	induction	from specific to general	54
10427839550	inference	A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning	55
10427839551	inversion	situation in which something is changed so that it is the opposite of what it was before.	56
10427839552	isocolon	a figure of speech in which parallelism is reinforced by members that are of the same length, rhythm and structure.	57
10427839553	jargon	vocabulary distinctive to a particular profession or group, difficult for others to understand.	58
10427839971	juxtaposition	the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.	59
10427839972	kairos	Building a sense of urgency for your cause	60
10427840370	kinesthetic imagery	sense of touch, temperature, movement, and feelings.	61
10427840597	litotes	the use of a negative statement in order to emphasize the positive meaning.	62
10427958676	logical fallacy	an error in reasoning proves an argument invalid.	63
10427958677	loose sentence	A complex sentence in which the main clause comes first and the subordinate clause follows (also known as a cumulative sentence)	64
10427959042	logos	a way of persuading an audience with reason, using facts and figures.	65
10427959569	metaphor	comparison made without using like or as (different from a simile)	66
10427959570	metonymy	the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant ex: we need some new faces over here.	67
10427959571	mood	How the reader feels about the text while reading.	68
10427959572	motif	(n.) a principal idea, feature, theme, or element; a repeated or dominant figure in a design	69
10427959722	non-sequitur	A statement that does not follow logically from evidence	70
10427959723	olfactory imagery	sense of smell	71
10427959724	onomatopoeia	the formation of a word by imitation of the natural sounds of a thing.	72
10427959916	oxymoron	two opposite terms used together to create an effect.	73
10427959917	parable	a short story that teaches or explains an idea, especially a moral or religious lesson.	74
10427959918	paradox		75
10427959919	parallelism	similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses	76
10427960166	parody	an imitation of the original, making the features or qualities of the original more noticeable in a way that is humorous or exaggerated.	77
10427960167	passive voice	the subject of the sentence is acted on by the verb	78
10427960168	pathos	a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating emotional response to an impassioned plea or a convincing story.	79
10431922609	periodic sentence	sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end	80
10431925208	personification	A figure of speech in which human behavior and qualities are given to an object or animal.	81
10431925209	point of view	the perspective in which the story or situation is told	82
10431925210	first person	A narrator who is a character in the story and tells the tale from his or her point of view.	83
10431926141	stream of consciousness	a style of writing that portrays the inner workings of a character's mind.	84
10431926142	omniscient	knowing everything; having unlimited awareness or understanding	85
10431926730	limited omniscient	A Third person narrator who generally reports only what one character sees, and who only reports the thoughts of that one privileged character.	86
10431926731	third person	Narrator is outside of the story, more like an observer.	87
10431926732	polysyndeton	the use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural	88
10431927179	premise	the basis for a conclusion	89
10431927180	pun	the humorous use of a word	90
10431954417	qualifier	a word or phrase that clarifies, modifies, or limits the meaning of another word or phrase	91
10431954418	rebuttal	a falsification or contradiction	92
10431954419	rhetoric	the art of using language effectively and persuasively	93
10431954528	rhetorical modes	This flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing.	94
10431985987	exposition	form of writing that explains what's happening or what has happened. (in a matter-of-fact way)	95
10431954530	description	a spoken or written representation or account of a person, object, or event	96
10431954531	narration	the act of telling a story	97
10431989030	argumentation	to convince others of an opinion or belief	98
10431954713	cause and effect	the reason for something to happen and the results of it happening.	99
10431957452	rhetorical question	question asked simply for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer	100
10431957453	sarcasm	the use of irony to mock or project contempt	101
10431957454	satire	a way of criticizing ideas or people in a humorous way	102
10431957455	simile	a comparison using like/as (different from metaphor)	103
10431957456	situational irony	An outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected (similar to a plot twist)	104
10431957740	syllogism	logical reasoning in which the conclusion is gotten from two linked premises.	105
10431957741	symbolism	the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities	106
10431957742	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa	107
10431958040	synesthesia	describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound")	108
10431958041	syntax	Sentence structure	109
10431984104	tactile imagery	sense of touch	110
10431984105	telegraphic sentence	a short sentence using five words or less.	111
10431984106	thermal imagery	related to temperature or warmth	112
10431984374	thesis statement	A statement of the central idea in a work	113
10431984375	tone	A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter	114
10431984376	tricolon	Sentence consisting of three parts of equal importance and length, usually three independent clauses.	115
10431984377	understatement	a statement that is restrained in ironic contrast to what might have been said	116
10431984615	verbal irony	sarcasm	117
10431984616	vernacular	everyday language commonly used	118
10431984617	visual imagery	sense of sight	119
10431984618	warrant	justify or deserve	120
10431985010	zeugma	using one word to modify two other words, in two different ways.	121