AP GOV. Institutions of Government Flashcards

6610628744	incumbents	people who already hold office; usually win in congressional elections	0
6610628745	casework	congressional mediator between the people and the government	1
6610628746	pork barrel	Money used that is considered wasteful - use earmarks	2
6610628747	bicameral legislature	divided into two houses.US Congress & American State legislature except Nebraska's bicameral	3
6610628748	House Rules Committee	reviews all bills coming from a House committee before they go to the full House	4
6610628749	filibuster	strategy in the Senate where an individual extends debate, allowing a lone member to delay or entirely prevent a vote	5
6610628750	Speaker of the House	chief among leadership positions in the House of Reps.	6
6610628751	majority leader	the most powerful member of the Senate; influences committee assignments, schedules debates	7
6610628752	whips	Party leaders who work with the majority or minority leaders to count votes beforehand	8
6610628753	minority leader	principal leaders of the minority party in the House of Rep. or in the State	9
6610628754	standing committees	subject-matter committees in each house of Congress that handle bills in different policy areas	10
6610628755	joint committees	used to refer to a committee made up of members of both chambers of a bicameral legislature	11
6610628756	conference committees	formed when the senate and the house pass different versions of the same bill	12
6610628757	select committees	committees appointed for a specific purpose such as investigations	13
6610628758	legislative oversight	Congress' monitoring of the bureaucracy and its administration of policy	14
6610628759	committees chairs	most important influencers of the congressional agenda	15
6610628760	seniority system	member who had served the longest and party who controlled Congress became committee chair	16
6610628761	caucus	meeting of supporters or members of a political party or movement,	17
6610628762	bill	a proposed law, drafted in legal language	18
6610628763	Twenty-second Amendment	The 22nd amendment limits the president to only two 4 year terms in office.	19
6610628764	impeachment	the political equivalent of an indictment in criminal law	20
6610628765	Watergate	Leading to the eventual regignation of President Nixon under the threat of impeachment	21
6610628766	Twenty-fifth Amendment	permits the vice president to become acting president if the cabinet determines that the president is disabled	22
6610628767	cabinet	president's official advisors; heads of the executive department	23
6610628768	National Security Council (NSC)	an office created in 1947 to coordinate the president's foreign and military policy advisors	24
6610628769	Council of Economic Advisors (CEA)	an agency within the Executive Office of the President that advises the President of the United States on economic policy	25
6610628770	Office of Management and Budget (OMB)	performs managerial and budgetary functions	26
6610628771	veto	Constitutional power of the president to send a bill back to Congress with reasons for rejecting it	27
6610628772	pocket veto	the president lets a bill die by neither signing nor vetoing it after 10 days	28
6610628773	presidential coattails	when voters select congressmen from the President's party because they like the president	29
6610628774	War Powers Resolution	law passed in 1973 the requires presidents to consult with congress whenever possible prior to using military force and to withdraw forces after 60 days unless congress declares war or authorizes an extension	30
6610628775	legislative veto	ability of congress to override a presidential decision	31
6610628776	patronage	one of the key rewards used by political machines	32
6610628777	Pendleton Civil Service Act	created a federal civil service so hiring & promotion would be based on merit instead of patronage	33
6610628778	civil service	a system of hiring and promotion based on the merit principle and desire to create a nonpartisan gov service	34
6610628779	merit principle	using exams to hire government workers; all workers should be qualified	35
6610628780	Hatch Act	federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partison politics	36
6610628781	Office of Personnel Management	office in charge of hiring for most agencies of the federal government, using elaborate ruless in the process	37
6610628782	bureaucracy	a hierarchical authority structure that uses task specialization, operates on the merit principle, behaves with impersonality	38
6610628783	independent regulatory agency	responsible for some sector of the economy; enforcing rules and judging disputes	39
6610628784	independent executive agencies	government not accounted for by cabinet departments independent regulatory agencies and governemnt coporations	40
6610628785	policy implementation	policymaking stage - between establishment and consequences	41
6610628786	administrative discretion	the authority of administrative actors to select among various responses to a given problem	42
6610628787	regulation	the use of governmental authority to control or change some practice in the private sector	43
6610628788	deregulation	Lifting of restrictions on business industry and professional activities for which government rules had been established and that bureaucracies had been created to administer	44
6610628789	incentive system	a more effective & efficient policy than command & control	45
6610628790	executive orders	regulations originating from the executive branch presidents can use to control bureaucracy	46
6610628791	iron triangles	relationship between a bureaucracy, an interest group, and a congressional committee	47
6610628792	class action suits	lawsuits permitting a small number of people to sue on behalf of all other people similarly situated	48
6610628793	amicus curiae briefs	Legal argument in support of one of the litigants	49
6610628794	original jurisdiction	the jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first, determine facts about a case	50
6610628795	appellate jurisdiction	courts that may hear cases brought to them through appeals from lower courts	51
6610628796	district courts	91 federal courts of original jurisdiction	52
6610628797	courts of appeal	appellate courts empowered to review all final decisions of district courts, except in rare cases	53
6610628798	Supreme Court	the pinnacle fo teh American judicial system	54
6610628799	senatorial courtesy	unwritten tradition whereby nominations for state-level federal judicial posts are not confirmed	55
6610628800	solicitor general	in charge of the appellate court litigation of the federal government	56
6610628801	opinion	the reasoing behind a judicial decision	57
6610628802	stare decisis	"let the decision stand"	58
6610628803	precedent	how similar cases have been decided in the past	59
6610628804	original intent	a view that the Contitution should be interpreted according to the original intent of the framers	60
6610628805	judicial implementation	how & whether court decisions are translated into actual policy	61
6610628806	Marbury v. Madison	right of the SC to determine US Constitution, established judicial review	62
6610628807	judicial review	power of the courts to decide whether acts of Congress are constitutional	63
6610628808	US v. Nixon	1974 case where the S.C. unanimously held that the doctine of executive privilege was implicit in the Constitution but could not be extended to protect documents relevant to criminal prosecutions	64
6610628809	judicial restraint	a judicial philosophy in which judges play minimal policymaking roles, leaving that strictly to the legislatures	65
6610628810	judicial activism	judicial philosophy - judges make bold policy policy decisions	66