AP BIO Flashcards
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| 10772665401 | reproductive isolation | Separation of species or populations so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring | 0 | |
| 10772665402 | reproductive incompatibility | develops gradually in many groups, reflecting the slow pace at which incompatible genes accumulate in each lineage | 1 | |
| 10772665403 | prezygotic barriers (premating) | Barriers that impede mating or hinder fertilization. - Geographic Isolation -Habitat Isolation -Temporal Isolation | 2 | |
| 10772665404 | prezygotic barriers (after mating) | Barriers that hinder fertilization and creating an individual that occur after mating -Mechanical Isolation -Gametic Isolation | 3 | |
| 10772665405 | postzygotic barriers | Barriers that prevent the hybrid zygote from becoming a fertile adult. -Reduced Hybrid Vitality -Reduced Hybrid Fertility -Hybrid Breakdown | 4 | |
| 10772665406 | geographic isolation | form of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated physically by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water | 5 | |
| 10772665407 | temporal isolation | form of reproductive isolation in which two populations reproduce at different times | 6 | |
| 10772665408 | behavioral isolation | Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations have differences in courtship rituals or other types of behavior that prevent them from interbreeding | 7 | |
| 10772665409 | mechanical isolation | anatomical differences prevent the two individuals from mating (think duck penises) | 8 | |
| 10772665410 | gametic isolation | Sperm of one species may not be able to fertilize eggs of another species (number of chromosomes do not match) | 9 | |
| 10772665411 | reduced hybrid vitality | the hybrid that emerges from a cross cannot survive because of reduced vitality and ability to live | 10 | |
| 10772665412 | reduced hybrid Fertility | hybrids that are produced cannot mate due to sterility | 11 | |
| 10772665413 | hybrid breakdown | Hybrid is fertile, but when they breed the next generation is sterile. (2nd gen is affected) | 12 | |
| 10772665414 | Mutations | a random error in gene replication that leads to a change | 13 | |
| 10772665415 | SNP Mutation | Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: -Substitution: a random nucleotide is inserted. -Silent: does not affect amino acid -Misense: 1 amino acid is changed -Nonsense: a stop codon is inserted, can cause huge damage to original code |  | 14 |
| 10772665416 | indel/frameshift mutation | a nucleotide is inserted or deleted at random; this can have a great effect on the amino acid as a whole | 15 | |
| 10772665417 | allopolyploidy | two species with different chromosome numbers mate and the offspring is unsuccessful in mating with either of the parent species |  | 16 |
| 10772665418 | Autopolyploidy | an offspring has two parents with the exact same number of chromosomes, but one or both parents have a nondisjunction that prevents them from passing half of their chromosomes to the offspring. as a result, the offspring has more than one set of chromosomes and cannot mate with the original species | 17 | |
| 10772665419 | allopatric speciation | The formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another. (only geographic speciation) | 18 | |
| 10772665420 | sympatric speciation | The formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area (non-geographic speciation) | 19 | |
| 10772665421 | Proteins | Monomers = amino acids | 20 | |
| 10772665422 | Carbohydrates | monosaccharides = monomers | 21 | |
| 10772665423 | nucleic acids | monomers = nucleotides | 22 | |
| 10772665424 | Miller-Urey Theory | the conditions to create molecules existed on earth in its early years. conducted an experiment involving an apparatus that simulated the conditions on earth before molecules were created. Found that with an electrical current, heat, water, and H2, CH3, NH3, CO2, amino acids could be created. | 23 | |
| 10772665425 | Asteroids | asteroids brought amino acids to earth from outer space. the other theory. | 24 | |
| 10772665426 | what does life need to be... alive? | 1) cell membrane 2) cytoplasm 3) DNA 4) ribosomes | 25 | |
| 10772665427 | Viruses | Pieces of genetic material (RNA or DNA) surrounded by a protein coat | 26 | |
| 10772665428 | Viroids | smaller viruses that only have dna/rna, no protein | 27 | |
| 10772665429 | the first cell | first cells were: 1)prokaryotic 2)asexual 3)autotrophic 4)unicellular 5)anaerobic | 28 | |
| 10772665430 | Transition to real life! | 1) heterotroph -> autotroph 2)anaerobic -> aerobic 3)prokaryote -> eukaryote 4)asexual -> sexual 5)unicellular -> multicellular | 29 |