AP Psychology People Test Flashcards
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| 6068741886 | HJ Eysenck | (personality) asserted the personality is largely determined by genes, used introversion/extroversion | 0 | |
| 6068743336 | Carl Rogers | (humanistic) found person-centered therapy, theory the emphasizes the unique quality of humans especially their freedom and potential for personal growth, unconditional positive regard, fully functioning person | 1 | |
| 6068743337 | Lawrence Kohlberg | (cognition, moral development) created a theory of moral development that has 3 levels: focuses on moral reasoning rather than overt behavior | 2 | |
| 6068746158 | Robert Rosenthal | (social psychology) focus on nonverbal communication, self-fulfilling prophecies; Pygmalion Effect-effect of teacher's expectations on students | 3 | |
| 6068750820 | Howard Gardner | (intelligence) devised the theory of multiples intelligences (logical-mathematic, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, linguistic, musical, interpersonal, naturalistic) | 4 | |
| 6068750821 | Erik Erikson | (neo-Freudian, humanistic) created an 8-stage theory to show how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting "Who am I?" | 5 | |
| 6068756314 | Albert Bandura | (sociocultural) pioneer in observational learning, stated that people profit from the mistakes/ successes of others; Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls, children mimicked play | 6 | |
| 6068758213 | Harry Harlow | (development) realized that touch is preferred in development; Rhesus monkeys, studied statement of infant monkeys (wire monkeys v. cloth mothers) | 7 | |
| 6068758214 | Robert Yerkes | (intelligence, comparative) social behavior of gorillas/chimps, ____________- Dodson law-level of arousal as related to performance | 8 | |
| 6068760798 | Raymond Cattell | (intelligence) fluid and crystal intelligence; 3 domains of personality sphere (personality, ability and motivation), 16 Personality Factors (personality test) | 9 | |
| 6068762938 | Kurt Lewin | (social psychology) German refugee who escaped Nazis, proved the democratic style of leadership is the most productive; leadership styles-studio effects of 3 leadership styles on children completing activities | 10 | |
| 6068764444 | William Wundt | (structuralism, voluntarism) introspection, basic units of experience; 1st psychological laboratory in world at University of Leipzig | 11 | |
| 6068764445 | Jean Piaget | (cognition) created a 4-stage theory of cognitive development, said that two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth (assimilation and accommodation) | 12 | |
| 6068767334 | Robert Sternberg | (intelligence) devised the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (academic problem-solving, practical, and creative) | 13 | |
| 6068769257 | Hermann Ebbinghaus | (memory) 1st to conduct studies on forgetting: first, a rapid loss followed by a gradual declining rate of loss, studies: memory-series of meaningless syllables/words | 14 | |
| 6068769258 | Karen Horney | (neo-Freudian, psychodynamic) criticized Frued, stated that personality is molded by current fears and impulses, rather than being determined solely by childhood experiences | 15 | |
| 6068771969 | Solomon Asch | (social psychology) studied conformity, found that individuals would conform even if they knew it was wrong | 16 | |
| 6068771970 | Stanley Milgram | (social psychology) wanted to see how the German soldiers in WWII fell to obedience, wanted to see how far individuals would go to be obedient; Shock Study | 17 | |
| 6068774911 | Lev Vygotsky | (child development) investigated how culture and interpersonal communication guide development, zone of proximal development; play research | 18 | |
| 6068777104 | Alfred Binet | (testing) general IQ tests, designed test to identify slow learners in need of remediation-not applicable in the U.S. because too culture-bound (French) | 19 | |
| 6068779505 | Atkinson/Shiffrin | (memory) developed the three_stage memory model(encoding, storage, and retrieval) | 20 | |
| 6068779506 | Paul Broca | (neurobiology) discovered the part of the brain responsible for coordination muscles involved in speech was named for him. because he first identified it | 21 | |
| 6068781715 | Roger Sperry | (neurobiology) known for his original work with split brain on monkeys that would later develop into human research with Micheal Gazzaniga; showed that left/right hemispheres have different functions | 22 | |
| 6068783700 | Hans Seyle | (stress) stages of stress | 23 | |
| 6068791176 | Sigmund Freud | (psychoanalytic, personality) id/ego/superego, reality, and pleasure principles, ego ideal, defense mechanisms | 24 | |
| 6080275097 | Benjamin Whorf | (language) his hypothesis is that language determines the way we think | 25 | |
| 6080275323 | Carol Gilligan | (cognition) said the Kohlberg's work was developed only by observing boys and overlooked potential differences between the habitual moral judgements of boys and girls | 26 | |
| 6080278769 | Phineas Gage | (neurobiology) 1st person to have a frontal lobotomy. His accident gave info on the brain and which parts are involved in emotional reasoning | 27 | |
| 6080278770 | Alfred Adler | (neo-freudian, psychodynamic) basic mistakes, style of life, inferiority/superiority complexes, childhood influences personality formation | 28 | |
| 6080281203 | Gordon Allport | (trait theory of personality) list of 11,000 traits, 3 levels of traits: cardinal, central, and secondary | 29 | |
| 6080283880 | Stanley Schachter | (emotion) in order to experience emotions a person must be physically aroused and know the motion before you experience it | 30 | |
| 6080283881 | Charles Spearman | (intelligence) found that specific mental talents were highly correlated. concluded that all cog native abilities showed a common core, labeled "g" | 31 | |
| 6080286498 | Karl Wernicke | (perception) area of the left temporal lobe involved in language understanding | 32 | |
| 6080286499 | Henry Murray | (intelligence, testing) devised the Thematic Apperception Test | 33 | |
| 6080351369 | Ivan Pavlov | (gastroenterology) developed foundation for classical conditioning; discovered that a UCS naturally elicits a reflective behavior; Dog Salivation | 34 | |
| 6080351370 | Albert Ellis | (cognitive-behavioral) rational-emotive therapy, focuses on altering clients' patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive behavior and emotions | 35 | |
| 6080353911 | Noam Chomsky | (language) disagreed with Skinner, said there is an infinite number of sentences in a language; humans have an inborn ability to develop language | 36 | |
| 6080353912 | Carl Jung | (neo-freudian, psychoanalytic) people had conscious and unconscious awareness: archetypes; collective unconscious | 37 | |
| 6080356389 | Thorndike | (behaviorism) "Law of effect" relationship between behavior and consequence, specifically with cats | 38 | |
| 6080356390 | B.F. Skinner | (behaviorism) created techniques to manipulate the consequences of an organism's behavior in order to observe the effects of subsequent behavior | 39 | |
| 6080359000 | Aaron Beck | (cognitive) father of cognitive therapy, created ___________ Scales depression inventory; hopelessness scale, suicidal ideation, anxiety inventory, and youth inventories | 40 | |
| 6080361307 | William James | (functionalism) studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; Pragmatism; The Meaning of Truth | 41 | |
| 6080365393 | Hermann Rorschach | (psychoanalysis) meelopend one of the first projective tests the Inkblots where the subject tells a story and the observers derives personality aspects | 42 | |
| 6080373841 | Mary Ainsworth | (developmental) compared effects of maternal seperation , devised patterns of attachment and studied that "Strange Situation-observation of parent/child attachment | 43 | |
| 6080373842 | Abraham Maslow | (humanism) hierarchy of needs; self-actualization | 44 | |
| 6080378183 | Phhilip Zimbardo | (social) people's behavior depends on the roles that they are asked to play; stanford prison study | 45 | |
| 6080378184 | Earnest Weber | (perception) just noticeable-differnece (JND) that eventually became ___________'s law | 46 | |
| 6080380864 | Anna Freud | (psychoanalysis) focused on child psychoanalysis; fully developed defense mechanisms, emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle | 47 | |
| 6080380865 | John B Watson | (behaviorism) generalization-inductive reasoning, emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; Little Albert | 48 | |
| 6080384396 | Elizabeth Loftus | (memory) expert in eyewitness testimony (false memories or misinformation effect) | 49 |