Immune System - AP Biology Flashcards

6324317550	Inflammatory Response	Vasodilation, phagocytosis, and increase in body temperature	0
6324317551	Histamines	chemical signals that trigger vasodilation, increasing blood supply to area and cause inflammation.	1
6324317552	Phagocytes	White blood cells that engulf invading pathogens e.g., neutrophils, macrophages	2
6324317553	Chemokines	chemical signals secreted by blood vessel cells that attract more white blood cells (phagocytes) to the area	3
6324317554	Specific immunity	B and T cells; humoral and cell-mediated response	4
6324317555	Lymphocyte	White blood cell	5
6324317556	B Cells	Humoral response by producing antibodies; activated by T cells or free antigens	6
6324317557	T Cells	Cell-mediated response, stimulating by APCs (antigen presenting cells)	7
6324317558	Helper T Cell	Set off an alarm to the immune system that pathogens have broken through the body's line of defense; binds to class II MHC	8
6324317559	Cytotoxic T Cell	Kills body cells that have been infected with pathogens; stimulated by antigens and helper T-cells	9
6324317560	Macrophages	APC that engulfs large numbers of pathogens; presents antigen to activate T cells	10
6324317561	Interleukin 1	Chemokine secreted by a macrophage after it engulfs and presents antigens on its surface; activates helper T cells	11
6324317562	Interleukin 2	Chemokine that stimulates B cells to become active antibody-secreting plasma cells; released by helper T cell	12
6324317563	MHC I	molecules found on every body cell that presents antigen; signals cytotoxic T to destroy	13
6324317564	MHC II	molecules found on macrophages, B cells, and activated T cells; signal helper T cells	14
6324317565	Memory Cells	Responsible for lifelong immunity by storing copy B and T cells to more quickly fight secondary infection	15
6324317566	Antibody	Y-shaped protein with variable antigen bind region; slows pathogens to facilitate destruction	16
6324317567	Antigen	Identifying marker on the outside of a pathogen	17
6324317568	Passive Immunity	Temporary immunity where antibodies are transferred from another animal ex: mother transfers some of her antibodies to her nursing child	18
6324317569	HIV	A retrovirus that attacks helper T cells	19
6324317570	Autoimmune disease	A mistake in the immune system where the body does not properly distinguish self from nonself	20
6324317571	Allergy	Hypersensitive immune response to certain substances that causes that release of histamine	21
6324317572	Dendritic Cells	During primary immune responses, the principle antigen-presenting cells in the lymph nodes	22
6324317573	Innate Immunity	General, non-specific protection to the body, including the skin (barrier), gastric acid, phagocytes, and lysozyme.	23
6324317574	Effector Cell	Short-lived lymphocyte such as a B cell or cytotoxic T lymphocyte that can take immediate action against an antigen.	24
6324317575	Natural Killer Cells	A type of white blood cell that can kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells; an important component of innate immunity.	25
6324317576	Mast Cells	Cells that release chemicals (such as histamine) that promote inflammation.	26
6324317577	Humoral Response	The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of B cells and that leads to the production of antibodies, which defend against bacteria and viruses in body fluids.	27
6324317578	Cell-mediated Response	The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of cytotoxic T cells, which defend against infected cells.	28
6324317579	Neutrophils	The most abundant type of white blood cell. Phagocytic and tend to self-destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their lifespan to a few days. (aka: Pus)	29