Chapter 18-19 Quiz - AP World History Flashcards

5813838124	Peter the Great	Son of Alexis Romanov; ruled from 1689 to 1725; continued growth of absolutism and conquest; included more definite interest in changed selected aspects of economy and culture through imitation of western European models	0
5813843524	Catherine the Great	German-born Russian tsarina in the 18th century; ruled after assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule; accepted western cultural influence; maintained nobility as service aristocracy by granting them new power over peasantry	1
5813858747	Pugachev Rebellion	During 1770s in reign of Catherine the Great; led by cossack Emelian Pugachev, who claimed to be legitimate law; eventually crushed; typical of peasant unrest during the 18th century and thereafter	2
5813861032	Westernization	When societies and regions are transformed through means of influence from the western societies	3
5813863441	Ferdinand and Isabella	Monarchs of largest Christian kingdoms in Iberia; their marriage created united Spain; responsible for conquest of Granada; initiation of exploration of New World	4
5813867279	Encomienda	Grants of India laborers made the Spanish conquerors and settlers in Mesoamerica and South America; basis for earliest forms of coerced labor in Spanish colonies	5
5813872384	de las Casas	Dominican frior who supported peaceful conversation of the Native American population of the Spanish colonies; opposed forced labor and advocated for Indian rights	6
5813876868	Cortes	Led expedition of 600 to coast of Mexico in 1519; conquistador responsible for defeat of Aztec Empire; captured Tenochtitlan	7
5813882075	Moctezuma II	Lost independent Aztec emperor; killed during Hernan Cortes's conquest of Tenochtitlan	8
5813884577	New Spain	Spanish colonial possessions in Mesoamerica; included most of central Mexico; based on imperial system of Aztecs	9
5813888623	Mita	Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of Inca imperial control	10
5813893097	Haciendas	Rural estates in Spanish colonies in New World; produced agricultural products for consumers in America; basis for wealth and power for local aristocracy	11
5813896357	Galleons	Large, heavily armed ships used to carry silver from New World colonies to Spain; basis for convoy system utilized by Spain for transportation of bullion	12
5813901871	Viceroyalties	Two major divisions of Spanish colonies in New World; one based in Lima; the other in Mexico City; direct representatives of the king	13
5813904603	Cabral	Portuguese leader of an expedition to India; blown off course in 1500 and landed in Brazil	14
5813906788	Creoles	Whites born in the New World; dominated local Latin American economies and ranked just beneath peninsulares	15
5813910930	Peninsulares	People living in the New World Spanish colonies but born in Spain	16