AP World History (Stearns) Part I: Chapter 1 Flashcards

7213881786	Bronze Age	from about 4000 BCE, when bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East, to about 1500 BCE, when iron began to replace it	0
7213881787	Çatal Hüyük	early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; was larger in population than Jericho; had greater degree of social stratification	1
7213881788	city-state	a form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king	2
7213881789	civilization	societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, as well as merchant and manufacturing groups	3
7213881790	Harappa	along with Mohenjodaro, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern	4
7213881791	Homo sapiens sapiens	the humanoid species that emerged as the most successful at the end of the Paleolithic period	5
7213881792	Indus River valley	river sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of Harappan civilization	6
7213881793	Mesopotamia	literally "between the rivers"; the civilizations taht arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates River valleys	7
7213881794	Neolithic Age	the New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 BCE; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished	8
7213881795	nomads	cattle and sheep-herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies	9
7213881796	Paleolithic Age	the Old Stone Age ending in 12,000 BCE; typified by use of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence	10
7213881797	Shang	first Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exists; capital located in Ordos bulge of the Huanghe; flourished from 1600 to 1046 BCE	11
7213881798	slash and burn agriculture	a system of cultivation typical of shifting cultivators; forest floors cleared by fire are then planted	12
7213881799	Sumerians	people who migrated into Mesopotamia c. 4000 BCE; created first civilization within region; organized area into city-states	13