ap Flashcards

8965556959	human development	the scientific study of the challenges that occur in the people as they age from conception until death	0
8965559659	longitudinal design	research design in which one participant or group of participants is studied over a long period of time	1
8965561894	cross-sectional design	research design in which several different age-groups of participants are studied at one particular point in time	2
8965565097	cross-sequential design	research design in which participants are first studied by means of a cross-sectional design but are also followed and assessed for a period of time	3
8965636918	nature	the influence of our inherited characteristics on our personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions	4
8965636919	nurture	the influence of the environment on personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions	5
8965661828	genetics	the science of inherited traits	6
8965667381	DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)	special molecule that contains the genetic material of the organism	7
8965667382	gene	section of DNA having the same arrangement of chemical elements	8
8965670187	chromosome	tightly wound strand of genetic material or DNA	9
8965670188	dominant	referring to a gene that actively controls the expression of a trait	10
8965673008	recessive	referring to a gene that only influences the expression of a trait when paired with an identical gene	11
8965729064	conception	the moment at which a female becomes pregnant	12
8965731544	ovum	the female sex cell, or egg	13
8965731545	fertilization	the nion of the ovum and sperm	14
8965734292	zygote	cell resulting from the uniting of the ovum and the sperm	15
8965734293	monozygotic twins	identical twins formed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells, each of which develops into a separate embryo	16
8965737431	dizygotic twins	often called fraternal twins, occurring when two eggs each get fertilized by two different sperm, resulting in two zygotes in the uterus at the same time	17
8965796092	embryo	name for the developing organism from two weeks to eight weeks after fertilization	18
8965798411	embryonic period	the period from two to eight weeks after fertilization, during which the major organs and structures of the organism develop	19
8965798412	critical periods	times during which certain environmental influences can have an impact on the development of the infant	20
8965801288	teratogen	any factor that can cause a birth defect	21
8965962730	fetal period	time from about eight weeks after conception until the birth of the child	22
8965962731	fetus	name for the developing organism from eight weeks after fertilization to the birth of the baby	23
8965986887	sensorimotor stage	piaget's first stage of cognitive development in which the infant uses its senses and motor abilities to interact with objects in the environment	24
8966020129	object permanence	the knowledge that an object exists even when it is not in sight	25
8966023457	pre-operational stage	Piaget's second stage of cognitive development in which the preschool child learns to use language as a means of exploring the world	26
8966122616	egocentrism	the inability to see the world through anyone else's eyes	27
8966122617	centration	in Piaget's theory, the tendency of a young child to focus only on one feature of an object while ignoring other relevant features	28
8966124972	conservation	in Piaget's theory, the tendency of a young child to focus only on one feature of an object while ignoring other relevant features	29
8966124973	irreversibility	in Piaget's theory, the inability of the young to mentally reverse an action	30
8966190573	Concrete operations stage	third stage of cognitive development in which the school-age child becomes capable of logical thought processes but is not yet capable of abstract thinking	31
8966192459	formal operations stage	Piaget's last stage of cognitive development, in which the adolescent becomes capable of abstract thinking	32
8966236590	scaffolding	process in which a more skilled learner gives help to a less skilled learner, reducing the amount of help as the less skilled learner becomes more capable	33
8966239681	zone of proximal development (ZPD)	Vygotsky's concept of the difference between what a child can do alone and what that child can do with the help of a teacher	34
8966267937	temperament	the behavioral characteristics that are fairly well established at birth, such as easy, difficult, and slow to warm up	35
8966271671	attachment	the emotional bond between an infant and the primary caregiver	36
8966294908	Gender	the psychological aspects of being male or female	37
8978737125	germinal period	first two weeks. The union of the sperm and egg cell forms a single cell called a zygote. The zygote moves along the Fallopian tube toward the uterus.	38
8978774217	gender roles		39
8978776196	gender typing		40
8978783886	gender typing		41
8978799633	gender identity		42