AP World History Flashcards

7348482387	Aryans	Indo-European nomadic pastoralists who replaced Harappan civilization; militarized society.	0
7349436641	Babylon	Developed the first known code of law	1
7349436642	Babylonians	Unified all of Mesopotamia; empire collapsed due to foreign invasion; (famous city in Mesopotamia)(North of Sumer)	2
7349453527	Bronze Age	From about 4000 B.C.E., when bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East, to about 5000 B.C.E., when iron began to replace it.	3
7349577384	Catal Hüyük	(Neolithic town) Early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern Southern Turkey; was larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification. (Unusually large 32 acres)	4
7350590252	Chavin de Huantar	Chavin culture appeared in highlands of Andes between 1800 & 1200 B.C.E.; typified by ceremonial centers with large stone buildings; greatest ceremonial center was Chavín de Huantar; characterized by by artistic motifs.	5
7350610029	Civilization	Societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of non farming elites, as well as merchant & manufacturing groups.	6
7350622187	Cultural Diffusion	The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.	7
7350626723	Cuneiform	A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus & clay tablet.	8
7350631507	Empire	Monarchy ruling over different people (types/cultures)	9
7350635781	Hammurabi	(1792-1750 B.C.E.) The most important ruler of the Babylonian empire; responsible for codification of law.	10
7350656275	Harappa	Along with Mohenjo daro; major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern.	11
7350664472	Homo Sapiens	(Tens of thousands of years ago) The most advanced of the	12
7353692304	Hunting and Gathering	The original economy, ultimately eclipsed by agriculture; groups hunt for meat & forage for grains, nuts & berries(Alt.: crops & demest. Animals) These economies helped propel migration over most of the lands on earth.	13
7354677258	Huang He/ Huanghe/ civilization	(Yellow river) First civilization to develop in China. They settled in the lands surrounding the yellow River.	14
7354688692	Ideographs	Pictographic characters together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing.	15
7354707389	Indus River Civilization	River sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of Harappan Civilization	16
7354728857	Kush	An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for centuries.	17
7354761154	Mahabharata	Indian epic of war, princely honor, love, and social duty; written down in the last centuries; previously handed down in oral form.	18
7354796505	Mesopotamia	Literally "between the rivers"; the civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris river valleys.	19
7356549491	Metallurgy	A branch of science that studies metal and technology.	20
7356555316	Monotheism	The exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the Jews into western civilization.	21
7356570682	Monumental Architecture	Large human-made structures of stone or earth; used as public buildings or communal spaces.	22
7356576642	Neolithic Age	(Centered on the development of agriculture) The succession of technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture, 8500-3500 B.C.E.	23
7356599705	Nomad/ Nomads/ Nomadic	People who move around a lot (hunting and gathering economy)/ cattle and sheep-herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred as "barbarian" by civilized societies.	24
7356626669	Olmec	People of a cultural tradition that arose at San Lorenzo and La Venta in Mexico 1200 B.C.E.; featured irrigated agriculture, urbanism, elaborate religion, beginnings of calendrical & writing systems.	25
7356821201	Paleolithic Age	(The old Stone Age) typified by the use of crude stone tools & hunting and gathering for subsistence.	26
7356831881	Pastoralism	A branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock.	27
7356839192	Pharaoh	Title of kings of ancient Egypt.	28
7356843762	Phoenicians	Seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean.	29
7356855197	Polytheistic	The belief in multiple Gods or Goddesses ( see gods in many aspects of nature)	30
7356864847	Pyramids	Monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs.	31
7356874627	Ramayana	One of the great epic tales from classical India; traces adventures of king Rama and his wife, Sita; written 4th to 2nd centuries B.C.E.	32
7356898482	River-Valley Civilizations	Civilizations living right next to a river.	33
7356903418	Shang Dynasty	First Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exists; capital located in Oreos bulge of the Huanghe; flourished 1600 to 1046 B.C.E.	34
7356925169	Steppe/ steppes	A dry, grassy plain. Occurs in temperate climates, which lie between the tropics and polar regions.	35
7356938658	Sumer/ sumerians	People who migrated into Mesopotamia; created first civilization within region; organized area into city-states.	36
7356956453	Tigris-Euphrates Civilization	Mesopotamia(means the land between two rivers) Tigris and Euphrates Rivers	37
7356968662	Upanishads	Later books of the vedas; contained sophisticated and sublime philosophical ideas; utilized by Brahmans to restore religious authority.	38
7356979832	Vedas	Aryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century.	39
7356986844	Ziggurats	Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes.	40