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AP World History Review Era VI Flashcards

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6665082192SarajevoCapital of Bosnia-Herzegovina, location of Francis Ferdinand's assassination.0
6665082193Bosnia-HerzegovinaTwin province initially under Ottoman rule, later annexed by Austria-Hungary.1
6665082194SerbiaKingdom next to Austria-Hungary. Conflicts with them led, ultimately, to WWI2
6665082195Marne RiverRiver in France where "Race to the Sea" led Germans and French to a stalemate.3
6665082196Western FrontTrenches going from British Channel to Switzerland. Stalemate.4
6665082197Southern FrontItaly left Triple Alliance, went neutral, then joined the Allies. Stalemate.5
6665082198Eastern FrontEuropeans and Balkans, eastern Europe. Russians, Poles, Prussians, etc.6
6665082199GallipoliPeninsula near Dardanelles Strait. Tons of British forces (Australia, NZ, etc) died there.7
6665082200TurkeyPreviously under Ottoman control. Recognized as a nation with Treaty of Lausanne.8
6665082201Gavrilo PrincipOnly successful assassin (out of 7) to kill Ferdinand. Tried suicide, sentenced to 20 years in prison. Died.9
6665082202AlliesCountries that entered into treaties with each other, promising aid during times of war.10
6665082203Central PowersAKA Triple Alliance- Germans, Italians, and Austro-Hungarians. Wanted to keep European political status quo.11
6665082204Slavic PeoplesPoles, Czechs, etc. Ethnic groups in Austria-Hungary, wanted independence from them.12
6665082205Alfred von SchlieffenGerman. Created Schlieffen plan- if war, attack France first, then move to defend against Russians.13
6665082206Mustapha KemalCommander of the Turkish division in Gallipoli. Played important part in creating Turkey.14
6665082207TE LawrenceBritish guy who helped organize Arab fighters against Ottomans.15
6665082208Vladimir LeninRadical Marxist. Eventually led Bolsheviks, took power from provisional government that had replaced the Romanovs.16
6665082209BolsheviksRussian revolutionaries. Led later by Lenin, were put in power.17
6665082210Woodrow WilsonUS president, declared war on Germany in 1917 after years of staying neutral.18
6665082211Total WarWar in which governments engaged every single human and resource available.19
6665082212Self-DeterminationPeople with the same ethnicities, backgrounds, etc. should be allowed to form sovereign states.20
6665082213DreadnoughtSuper intense warship. Significant part of the naval race.21
6665082214Triple AllianceAKA Central Powers- alliance that gave Germany protection against France, Italians protection against France, and Austria the ability to interact with Balkans without Russia.22
6665082215Triple EntenteAgreements and cooperation between Russia, France, and England. Lots of obligation, small actions could have big consequences.23
6665082216Black HandTerrorist organization from Serbia, behind Ferdinand's assassination.24
6665082217UltimatumsStatements/declarations that basically meant agree or else.25
6665082218MobilizationCountries ordering military unites to be in a particular place.26
6665082219Trench WarfareSoldiers dug trenches to fight from. Super nasty.27
6665082220Home FrontHome countries. Heavily involved in providing the necessities for war.28
6665082221PropogandaGovernment-issued advertisements that promoted their cause and discredited their enemies.29
6665082222Twenty One DemandsUltimatum sent from Japan to China, basically giving Japan a ton of power over Chinese. Some were honored, not all.30
6665082223Treaty of Brest-LitovskAgreement between Russia and Germany, got Russia out of war. Humiliating, but necessary for Russia.31
6665082224LusitaniaBritish passenger ship, had US people on board, shot down by Germans, made US angry32
6665082225Treaty of VersaillesTreaty signed by the Allies, limited German army/military.33
6665082226Armenian MassacreOttomans and Armenians didn't get along, led to mass genocide of Armenians. 1 million + killed, either by starvation, disease, and/or murder.34
6665082227Fourteen PointsWilson's key peace terms during negotiations after end of Great War. Peace formula, really.35
6665082228League of NationsWorld organization that tried to keep peace, had agreements.36
6665082229MandateSystem that was comparable to imperialism.37
6665082230Albert EinsteinFamous physicist, theory of special relativity.38
6665082231Sigmund FreudFamous psychoanalyst. Used dreams/sexuality to determine mind.39
6665082232Pablo PicassoFamous artist. First artist to really do cubist art.40
6665082233John SteinbeckAuthor of "The Grapes of Wrath"- about the Great Depression41
6665082234John Maynard KeynesInfluential economist. Wrote "The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money".42
6665082235Joseph StalinLenin's successor. Leader of official Soviet Union.43
6665082236Benito MussoliniItalian fascist. "Il Duce".44
6665082237Franklin RooseveltUS president during Depression. New Deal.45
6665082238Lost GenerationThe generation of people who were pessimistic towards the state of the US.46
6665082239Uncertainty PrincipleHeisenberg. More you know about atom's location, less you know about its velocity and vice versa.47
6665082240PsychoanalysisBeing able to study and analyze human subconscious.48
6665082241CubismType of modern art form.49
6665082242BauhausInstitution that brought together a community of innovative thinkers.50
6665082243Black ThursdayDay when New York stock prices fell.51
6665082244TariffSet limits on trade during Great Depression.52
6665082245Economic NationalismBasically, international trade stopped, and countries were more reliant on themselves.53
6665082246New DealFDR's plan to help Depression. Minimum wage, social security, etc.54
6665082247New Economic PolicyRestored some free-markets to keep economies rolling in Russia. Lenin's idea.55
6665082248First Five Year PlanWanted to turn USSR into industrial economy.56
6665082249CollectivizationFarmers worked together (legally required to), "benefitted" all (government took resources).57
6665082250The Great PurgeAll enemies, people in the way of the Communist party were basically executed.58
6665082251FascismRelied on punitive authority to keep control. Very nationalist.59
6665082252AmritsarCity in Punjab, India. 379 protestors killed by British authorities.60
6665082253Yan'anEnd destination of the Long March, new headquarters for CCP.61
6665082254MukdenPart of Manchuria. Japanese blew up railroad tracks, blamed Chinese, led to war between China and Japan.62
6665082255ManchukuoPuppet state of Japan in Manchuria.63
6665082256Mohandas GandhiHindu leader in India. Believed in a simple life, nonviolence. Advocate for Indian independence from Britain.64
6665082257Muhammad Ali JinnahMuslim lawyer, lived in India. Warned against unifying India, didn't want Hindu control. Promoted idea of Pakistan.65
6665082258Mao ZedongChinese communist. CCP. After the Long March, he led the CCP.66
6665082259Dr. Sun YatsenLeading opponent of old regime, declared self president after fall of Qing dynasty. Prominent Nationalist leader.67
6665082260Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)Took power after the death of Sun Yatsen. Led northern expedition. Turned against CCP, made Guomingdang official government.68
6665082261Jomo KenyattaAfrican nationalist. Helped lead Kenya to independence.69
6665082262Marcus GarveyJamaican nationalist leader, pan-Africanism70
6665082263Jose Carlos MariateguMarxist from Peru. Established socialist party of Peru71
6665082264Diego RiveraMexican artist. Used art to inspire political action. Painted murals.72
6665082265William Howard TaftUS president. Inspired "dollar diplomacy".73
6665082266Getulio Dornelles VargasDictator-president in Brazil, established industrialization, economic experimentation.74
6665082267Anastacio Somoza GarciaCommander of guard in Nicaragua, eventually became president of the guard.75
6665082268Lazaro CardenasMexican president, nationalized oil industry.76
6665082269Carmen MirandaBrazilian actress, softened Hollywood's image of Latin American women. Very popular/starred in movies.77
6665082270AhimsaGandhi's philosophy of tolerance and nonviolence.78
6665082271Civil DisobedienceGandhi prompted people to boycott British goods, etc. Sometimes led to violence.79
6665082272Indian ActGave Indians the ability to establish bicameral government, other self governing actions. Eventually didn't work.80
6665082273Muslim LeagueHeaded by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, didn't want 1 unified India, rather, India + Pakistan.81
6665082274May Fourth MovementMovement in China that protested against foreign rule.82
6665082275CCPChinese communist party. Blended Marxism, Leninism, Maoism.83
6665082276GuomingdangNationalist people's party- other political party in China. In power.84
6665082277Long MarchCCP fled Guomingdang, ended up in Yang'an. Inspired others to join CCP. 100,000 KM, thousands died.85
6665082278MaoismChinese form of Marxism-Leninism. Created by Mao Zedong.86
6665082279Pan-AfricanismIdea that all Africans shared the same racial identity across the world.87
6665082280NeocolonialismBasically imperialism, not really. Europeans still control crap.88
6665082281APRAAlianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana- advocated against imperialism89
6665082282Imperialism- painting.Painting by Rivera, about US imperialism.90
6665082283Dollar DiplomacyBusinesses building relations, not using as much military (President Taft)91
6665082284Sweetheart TreatiesGuaranteed financial control (US) over Haiti and Dominican Republic, US Marines trained people.92
6665082285Good Neighbor PolicyMore conciliatory approach to Latin American countries.93
6665082286United Fruit CompanyAppropriated Carmen Miranda's image for Chiquita bananas.94
6665082287Kellog-Briand ActAgreement between Japan and USA where China's sovereignty was recognized and Japan couldn't invade China.95
6665082288NanjingCapital of China, attacked by Japanese- "Rape of Nanjing"96
6665082289ChongqingGuomingdang government moved capital here.97
6665082290EthiopiaInvaded by Italy with a lot of unnecessary force, lots of death.98
6665082291SudetenlandWestern portion of Czechoslovakia, home to many ethnic Germans, annexed to Germany to avoid military confrontation.99
6665082292StalingradRussian city. Germans attacked, unable to take the city. Victory for the Russians.100
6665082293NormandyLocation where Allied forces attacked on D-Day, led to victory in Europe.101
6665082294MidwayIsland in Pacific, US able to intercept Japanese plans to attack.102
6665082295Iwo Jima and OkinawaJapanese islands where a lot of kamikaze missions occurred.103
6665082296VichyPlace where some French government existed.104
6665082297YaltaWhere Soviet, US, and GB leaders met to discuss post-war things.105
6665082298PotsdamAnother meeting place with the Allies, discussed what to do with Germany after the war.106
6665082299AxisAlliance between Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, Japan, and other countries.107
6665082300Allies (WWII)France, GB + Commonwealth, Soviet Union, China, US, Latin American allies.108
6665082301Francisco FrancoSpanish general, received military help from Germany and Italy.109
6665082302Neville ChamberlainBritish Prime Minister, said they'd achieved "peace for our time".110
6665082303Tojo HidekiJapanese Prime Minister, former defense minister general, planned attacks/war on US and GB.111
6665082304Emperor HirohotoJapanese emperor, signed treaty surrendering to the US.112
6665082305Cold War"War" between Soviet Union and US (1947-1991), no actual fighting.113
6665082306Rape of NanjingJapanese soldiers killed, raped, and injured thousands of Chinese.114
6665082307Revisionist NationsJapan, Germany, and Italy. Wanted to "revise" (overthrow) terms of Great War Peace.115
6665082308AppeasementOther nations agreed to concede to Hitler's demands. In return, Hitler would stop expanding.116
6665082309Battle of BritainGermans led an airstrike with their "Luftwaffe" on London, couldn't invade.117
6665082310Lebensraum"Living space" for resettled Germans after the war.118
6665082311Operation BarbarossaCode name for Hitler's attempt to invade Russia. Didn't succeed cause of Russian winters.119
6665082312Lend-leaseAmericans let Britain use destroyers and war goods in exchange for lease of naval bases.120
6665082313December 7, 1941Pearl Harbor Day121
6665082314June 6, 1944D-Day. Allied forces attacked just off the coast of Normandy.122
6665082315KamikazeJapanese pilots, would dive-bomb into ships, killing themselves and destroying the ship.123
6665082316Final SolutionHitler's "solution" to his "problem"- exterminated all he deemed unworthy for Germany (Jews, Roma, homosexuals, etc.)124
6665082317Comfort WomenJapanese women forced into prostitution to cater to Japanese soldiers. Killed and beaten, became casualties of war.125
6665082318Truman DoctrineBelieved the US should support any people trying to gain freedom from political oppression.126
6665082319Marshall PlanEconomic plan using cooperation and capitalism to rebuild poor European economies.127
6665082320NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization. Supposed to help keep peace in Europe after the war.128
6665082321Warsaw PactSoviet Union's countermeasure against NATO. Helped sort of egg on the Cold War.129
6665082322BerlinCapital city of Germany, divided up between British, Americans, Soviets, and the French. Home to a lot of issues.130
6665082323Bay of PigsPlace in Cuba where US tried to invade, didn't last.131
6665082324Joseph McCarthyUS senator, wanted to expose communists within US government.132
6665082325Charles de GaulleFrench president. Wanted to rely less on US, had own nuclear strike force.133
6665082326Marshal TitoYugoslavia's ruler. Became independent on Soviet Union, joined forces with non-aligned nations.134
6665082327MujahideenMuslim warriors from Afghanistan.135
6665082328TalibanGroup of "religious students" that tried to unify Afghan lands.136
6665082329Viet CongCommunists "national liberation front" in Vietnam137
6665082330Ronald ReaganPresident, US, during 80s, proposed SDI (Star Wars)138
6665082331Mikhail GorbachevSoviet leader, addressed economic issues, brought down Czechoslovakia, sort of toned down the Soviet Union.139
6665082332Lech WalseaSolidarity president in Poland.140
6665082333Boris YeltsinPresident of Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, promoted independence, seized power from Gorbachev, led to fall of Soviet Union.141
6665082334Berlin AirliftBritish and US forces brought supplies, etc. to Western Germany.142
6665082335ContainmentWestern world wanted to keep communism contained, not allowed to spread.143
6665082336Domino TheoryUS idea that if one country became communist, subsequent countries would follow.144
6665082337Cuban Missile CrisisUS discovered USSR missiles in Cuba, negotiated to have them removed.145
6665082338Black NationalistsBlack people rallying together to advocate for their rights.146
6665082339ICBM"Intercontinental Ballistic Missile"- Russia's powerful missile.147
6665082340De-StalinizationAfter Stalin's death, Russian leaders got rid of all things Stalin.148
6665082341Brezhnev DoctrineUSSR's doctrine that justified invading any socialist country deemed dangerous.149
6665082342DetentePolicy to reduce hostility.150
6665082343SALTStrategic Arms Limitations Talks- between USSR and USA151
6665082344VietnamizationNixon's plan to turn Vietnam War over to S. Vietnam, escalated fighting.152
6665082345First Five Year Plan- ChinaChinese economic plan.153
6665082346WatergateScandal with Nixon, tried to cover up too much.154
6665082347Star Wars/SDIProvided US with high-tech things to protect the US from nuclear attacks.155
6665082348PerestroikaGorbachev's economic restructuring, decentralized economy.156
6665082349GlasnostSoviet society opened to criticism, admission of past mistakes.157
6665082350KashmirProvince claimed by both India and Pakistan158
6665082351Bandung, IndonesiaLocation of Bandung conference.159
6665082352Palestine/IsraelPalestine was the homeland for Jews, split to create Israel. CONFLICTS!160
6665082353AlgeriaFrench colony. Fought for independence, many Algerians killed.161
6665082354GhanaFormerly British colony. Obtained independence with nonviolence.162
6665082355KenyaAnother British colony. Issues between settlers and natives. Eventually independent.163
6665082356Guatemala/NicaraguaFought against US colonialism.164
6665082357South AfricaHad extreme segregation, overcame that and is now a stable country.165
6665082358Democratic Republic of the CongoAfrican state. Lots of violence.166
6665082359Ho Chi MinhCommunist leader of North Vietnam.167
6665082360Gamal Abdel NasserPresident of Egypt. Promoted Arab nationalism, neutrality.168
6665082361Frantz FanonAlgerian revolutionary. Promoted violence towards colonists. Associated with revolution.169
6665082362Kwame NkrumahGhanan leader when Ghana gained independence. Pan-Africanism.170
6665082363Deng XiaopingHeir of Mao Zedong. Had to put country back together (sort of)171
6665082364Yasser ArafatLeader of PLO, promoted Palestinian rights.172
6665082365Ayatollah KhomeiniLeader of Islamist movement in Iran173
6665082366Saddam HusseinPresident of Iraq. Launched attack on Iran, starting war that killed millions.174
6665082367Eva PeronHusband was president of Argentina. Well-loved by her people, did a lot of good.175
6665082368SomozasRuling/in power family in Nicaragua. Brutal, corrupt, Pro-US.176
6665082369SandinistasAgainst Somozas. Used guerilla-operations, assumed power in Nicaragua.177
6665082370Jimmy CarterModerated US Cold War policies in Latin America. Committed to human rights.178
6665082371Mobutu Sese SekoTook power in Congo. Dictator.179
6665082372Bandung ConferenceAfricans and Asians met to discuss nonalignment. First international meeting of POC.180
666508237317th ParallelWhere North and South Vietnam split.181
6665082374Balfour DeclarationBritish vow to help Jews establish a Jewish state in Palestine.182
6665082375Arab NationalismWanted to get rid of Israel, promoted Pan-Arabian dominance.183
6665082376Baghdad PactBritish/US inspired pact with Turkey, Iraq, and Iran.184
6665082377Suez CrisisNasser nationalized Suez canal, some Europeans attacked, killed diplomacy.185
6665082378Great Leap ForwardMao's plan to communalize property, industrialize- failed. Led to famine and death.186
6665082379Cultural RevolutionMao got rid of all "elites"- intellectuals, foreigners, etc. Humiliated, persecuted, killed.187
6665082380Green RevolutionIndian agriculture increased yields.188
6665082381AMNLAEWomen in Nicaragua that fought for their rights/liberation.189
6665082382OAUOrganization of African Unity- wanted to prevent conflicts190
6665082383New International Economic OrderProposals from countries to help improve trade.191
6665082384Rachel CarsonWrote "Silent Spring", documented environmental damage192
6665082385Osama bin LadenLeader of al-Qaeda, orchestrated 9/11 and other terrorist attacks.193
6665082386al-QaedaTerrorist group in Afghanistan. Wanted all Muslims to kill Americans. Under bin Laden194
6665082387talibanExtremist Muslim group that "liberated" Afghanistan.195
6665082388Daw Aung San Suu KyiHelped overthrow fascist government in Myanmar, won election.196
6665082389GATTGeneral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade- signed by noncommunist nations to keep global trade un-restricted.197
6665082390WTOWorld Trade Organization- took over GATT in 1995. Forum to help settle trade disputes, helped increase world trade.198
6665082391Little TigersOriginally Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan- modeled Japan for economic growth.199
6665082392EUHas common market and free trade, uses common currency.200
6665082393OPECOrganization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Middle Eastern oil people. raised oil prices, led to debt issues in developing countries201
6665082394ASEANAssociation of SE Asian Nations- promoted economic growth in SE Asia.202
6665082395NAFTAN. American Free Trade Agreement- regional trade grouping.203
6665082396Limits to Growth"Club of Rome" tried to decide the carrying capacity of the Earth, don't think we can go much further.204
6665082397Silent SpringBook, helped kickstart environmental movement in US.205
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