APES Flashcards

8489388601	The average number of children expected to be born to a women through her childbearing years?	Total fertility rate.	0
8489407999	The first change to the human population dynamics of a country undergoing demographic transition is a drop in the	Crude birth rate.	1
8489434108	The country that likely has the lowest total fertility rate and highest female literacy rate.		2
8489448682	If current population growth rates are maintained, this country will soon overtake China as the world's most populous nation.		3
8489471955	The country that has undergone the most complete demographic transition.		4
8489475602	When compared to more developed countries, less developed countries have higher	Infant mortality rates.	5
8489500264	What is the simplest and least controversial means of slowing population growth?	Delaying the age of first child-bearing in women.	6
8489507981	What does the demographic transition refer to?	A 3-5 stage pattern of change in birth rates leading to a decline in population growth.	7
8489514863	As nations have become more developed over time, the death rate has decreased to	Improved sanitation, improved food availability, and control of infectious disease.	8
8489548939	What is the primary cause for the population to grow in the United States?	A large portion of the population is still in or not yet to enter its reproductive period (population momentum)	9
8489886585	K stategies	Care for young (humans, gorillas)	10
8489886586	R strategies	Reproduce rapidly, die early.	11
8489919042	Carrying Capacity	Number of individuals that can survive in an environment.	12
8489984384	How does nitrogen get into the soil from the atmosphere?	Nitrogen fixation- bacteria in the roots of plants.	13
8489999678	How does nitrogen get back into the atmosphere?	Denitrification.	14
8490031668	Nitrification	Makes nitrates and nitrites.	15
8490039162	Assimilation	Bring nitrogen into plants.	16
8490054440	Positive Feedback Loops	A feedback loop in which change in a system is amplified.	17
8490054441	Negative Feedback Loops	A feedback loop in which a system responds to a change by returning to its original state, or by decreasing the rate at which the change is occurring.	18
8490087173	Open System	A system in which exchanges of matter or energy occur across system boundaries.	19
8490087224	Closed System	A system in which matter and energy exchanges do not occur across boundaries.	20
8490100930	Fingers of Evolution	Small population, non-random mating, mutations, gene flow, natural selection	21
8491948795	Small Population	Population can shrink and chance can take over.	22
8491950465	Non-Random Mating	Mating can cause new populations to form or old ones to decrease.	23
8491953902	Mutations	When a new gene is added through mutation, it can effect the frequency.	24
8491958558	Gene Flow	Movement can occur through immigration and emigration and cause a major change in the gene pool.	25
8491975425	Natural Selection	Adaptation creates organisms that are better adapted for their local environments. Genes that are not fit for a certain environment will gradually be replaced by genes that are better adapted.	26
8490100931	Founder Effect	A change in the genetic compositions of a population as a result of descending from a small number of colonizing individuals.	27
8490129816	Bottleneck Effect	A reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size.	28
8490136817	Genetic Diversity	A measure of the genetic variation among individuals in a population.	29
8490175888	When the population is not growing (ZPG)	A condition of demographic balance where the number of people in a specified population neither grows nor declines.	30
8490175889	Average Residence Time		31
8490242071	Where do volcanoes occur		32
8490242072	Lithosphere	The rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.	33
8490244120	Hot Spot	A place where molten material from Earth's mantle reaches the lithosphere.	34
8490250234	What puts carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.	Cellular respiration, burning fossil fuels	35
8490253362	Phosphorus Cycle	Doesn't have a gas stage which makes it slower.	36
8490257303	Decomposers	Breaks things down into nutrients.	37
8490265584	Energy Efficiency	The ratio of the amount of energy expended in the form you want to the total amount of energy that is introduced into the system.	38
8490295015	Primary Succession	Ecological occurring on surfaces that are initially devoid of soil.	39
8490301106	Secondary Succession	The succession of plant life that occurs in areas that have been disturbed but have not lost their soil.	40
8490304130	Difference between primary and secondary succession?	Soil is intact but vegetation has been removed.	41
8490324989	Soil Texture		42
8490326796	Pest Management		43
8490336858	Whats the main cause for world hunger?	Unequal distribution of food; few have access to food.	44
8490345388	How would you reduce soil erosion?	Through planting vegetation; plants establish root systems, which stabilizes soil and prevents soil erosion	45
8490351468	Terminator Genes	When added to a genetically modified crop species prevents the crop from producing seeds for the following year.	46
8490369887	CITES Act	Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species: Lists species that cannot be commercially traded as live specimens or wildlife products.	47
8490371651	Where is most desertification ocuring?	Africa	48
8490373120	Where is most biodiversity?	South America	49
8490374509	Where is population most stable?	America	50
8490380481	Environmental Impact Statement		51
8490387066	First Law of Thermodynamics	A physical law which states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can change from one form to another.	52
8492194216	Second Law of Thermodynamics	The physical law stating that when energy is transformed, the quantity of energy remains the same, but its ability to do work diminishes.	53
8492326973	What is true about carbon as it cycles in nature?	Carbon sinks include forests and oceans.	54
8492333032	Where will most likely experience the majority of the world's population growth?	Asia and Africa.	55
8492338303	What region contains the greatest area of rain forest?	Brazil and Indonesia.	56
8492342240	What does an integrated pest management approach to pest control emphasize?	Reduction of crop damage to an economically tolerable level.	57
8492352171	What is an example of an abiotic component affecting a biotic component?	Low phosphorus content in soil limits growth of vegetation.	58
8492357912	What two main factors would best indicate the quality of life of a country's population?	Life expectancy and infant mortality.	59
8492363866	What do local concentration of CO2 increase due to when a rainforest is slashed and burned?	Oxidation of carbon compounds.	60
8492373278	What are dead and fallen trees in tropical rainforests main role in the ecosystem?	Providing habitats for wildlife.	61
8492379870	What is issued to determine soil texture?	Relative proportion of particle size.	62
8492383738	What is it called when there is a lack in chemical components in food?	Malnourishment.	63
8492388357	What layer of soil refers to the leaf litter?	O Horizon (top level).	64