AP World History Chapter 8 Vocabulary-Islam Flashcards

7759795769	bedouin	nomadic	0
7759795770	shaykhs	leaders of tribes and clans	1
7759795771	mecca	most important trading city	2
7759795772	ka'ba	one of the most revered religious shrines in pre-Islamic Arabia located in mecca	3
7759795773	Medina	formerly Yathrib. city northeast of Mecca	4
7759795774	Allah	god	5
7759795775	Sassanian Empire	tried to control nomadic tribes of peninsula	6
7759795776	Muhammad	the prophet of Allah	7
7759795777	Khadijah	Muhammad's wife.	8
7759795778	Gabriel	angel that delivered Allahs message to Muhammad	9
7759795779	Quran	Islamic holy book	10
7759795780	hijrah	Muhammad's flight to medina. marks first year in Islamic calendar.	11
7759795781	Ali	secured safe passage to medina for Muhammad	12
7759795782	umma	community of the faithful. caused boundaries to disappear and political unity	13
7759795783	zakat	tax for charity	14
7759795784	five pillars	principles that must be accepted by all believers for religious unity	15
7759795785	Ramadan	enhanced community solidarity and allowed the faithful to demonstrate their fervor	16
7759795786	hajj	pilgrimage to Mecca to worship Allah at the ka'ba	17
7759795787	Abu Bakr	caliph from 632 to 634. came after Muhammad. very little financial support so he was still a merchant	18
7759795788	ridda wars	defeat of rival prophets and some of the larger clans. brought the return of the Arabian tribes to the Islamic fold.	19
7759795789	jihads	holy wars launched to forcibly spread the Muslim faith	20
7759795790	Copts and nestorians	members of Christian sects that dominated Syria and egypt	21
7759795791	Uthman	the third caliph. his death caused war between Sunnis and Shias	22
7759795792	Battle of Siffin	battle in the war between Sunnis and Shias	23
7759795793	Muawiya	new leader of Umayyads. proclaimed caliph in Jerusalem and directly challenged Ali's position	24
7759795794	Sunnis	backed Umayyads. any qualified person may be caliph	25
7759795795	Shia	supports of Ali. most fundamental of islam	26
7759795796	why was Uthman unpopular	he was chosen even though he was an enemy of Muhammad's	27
7759795797	Karbala	where Umayyads were killed along with Husayn, Ali's second son	28
7759795798	Damascus	political center of community by Umayyads. lived here after the murder of Uthman	29
7759795799	mawali	Muslim converts	30
7759795800	jizya	head tax levied on nonbelievers	31
7759795801	dhimmi	people of the book	32
7759795802	hadiths	tradition of the prophet. recorded by women	33
7759795803	Abbasid	frontier warriors that challenged Umayyad armies	34
7759795804	Abu Al Abbas	leader of Abbasid party who slaughtered the Umayyad family so his place would not be challenged	35
7759795805	baghdad	capital during Abbasid rule	36
7759795806	wazir	chief administrator and head of caliphs inner councils. recruited from Persian provinces	37
7759795807	dhows	sailing vessels with triangular sails	38
7759795808	ayan	wealthy landed elite that emerged in early decades of Abbasid rule	39