AP Biology - Chapter 3 Flashcards

10411845677	Acid	A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.	0
10411845998	Adhesion	The clinging of one substance to another, such as water to plant cell walls by means of hydrogen bonds.	1
10411846648	Aqueous Solution	A solution in which water is the solvent.	2
10411846649	Base	A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.	3
10411847206	Buffers	A solution that contains a weak acid and its corresponding base. A buffer minimizes changes in pH when acids or bases are added to the solution.	4
10411848240	Calorie	The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C; also the amount of heat energy that 1 g of water releases when it cools by 1°C.	5
10411848533	Cohesion	The linking together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds.	6
10411849416	Evaporative Cooling	The process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation, a result of the molecules with the greatest kinetic energy changing from the liquid to the gaseous state.	7
10411849675	Heat	Thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another.	8
10411851309	Heat of Vaporization	The quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state.	9
10411851772	Hydration Shell	The sphere of water molecules around a dissolved ion.	10
10411852530	Hydrogen Ion	A single proton with a charge of 1+.	11
10411853408	Hydronium Ion	A water molecule that has an extra proton bound to it; H3O+, commonly represented as H+	12
10411853795	Hydrophilic	Having an affinity for water.	13
10411854100	Hydroxide Ion	A water molecule that has lost a proton; OH−.	14
10411854409	Joule	A unit of energy.	15
10411854685	Kilocalorie	A thousand calories; the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C.	16
10411855429	Kinetic Energy	The energy associated with the relative motion of objects. Moving matter can perform work by imparting motion to other matter.	17
10411855890	Molarity	A common measure of solute concentration, referring to the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.	18
10411855891	Mole	The number of grams of a substance that equals its molecular or atomic mass in daltons.	19
10411857686	Molecular Mass	The sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule; sometimes called molecular weight.	20
10411858906	Ocean Acidification	Decreasing pH of ocean waters due to absorption of excess atmospheric CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels.	21
10411859495	pH	A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to −log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.	22
10411859762	Polar Covalent Bond	A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive.	23
10411859763	Polar Molecule	A molecule (such as water) with an uneven distribution of charges in different regions of the molecule.	24
10411860827	Solute	A substance that is dissolved in a solution.	25
10411871212	Solution	A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.	26
10411871430	Solvent	The dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile solvent known.	27
10411872200	Specific Heat	The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of a substance to change its temperature by 1°C.	28
10411872623	Surface Tension	A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules.	29
10411872979	Temperature	A measure in degrees of the average kinetic energy (thermal energy) of the atoms and molecules in a body of matter.	30
10411873376	Thermal Energy	Kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms and molecules; energy in its most random form.	31
10411875040	Triacylglycerol	A lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule; also called a fat or triglyceride.	32