AP World History, Period 2 Vocab Flashcards

11070646133	Xiongnu	Nomadic peoples to the north of the Great Wall of China who were a frequent threat to the stability of the Chinese state.	0
11070647148	Empire/Imperical	A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler. ex: Archaemenid Empire, Han Dynasty, MAuryan Empire, Gupta Empire	1
11070660286	Government Administration	(Created By Rulers) Centralized Government & Elaborate Legal Systems and Bureaucracies	2
11070686471	Bureaucracy	a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials	3
11070692062	Centralization vs Decentralization	decision making is concentrated at upper levels of the organization, vs decision making authority is given to lower levels in an organization heirarchy	4
11070695710	Legal Systems	a system for interpreting and enforcing laws	5
11070708439	Diplomacy	The practice of conducting negotiations between countries	6
11070717243	Conscription	A military draft that's enforced	7
11070722562	Monetary Economics	Fine-tuning the economy through regulation of the $ supply.	8
11070751030	urban vs rural culture	people in cities were of the upper class, typically nice homes and lavish lifestyles. people outside of the city were typically peasants, didn't live nice lives	9
11070754182	cosmopolitan	worldly; sophisticated	10
11070755975	direct democracy	A form of government in which citizens rule directly & not through representatives	11
11070761198	Republic	A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws.	12
11070767528	Patrician	In ancient Rome, a member of the privileged upper class. (aristocratic)	13
11070939341	plebian	commoner (of rome)	14
11070999294	Twelve Tables	Rome's first code of laws	15
11071001203	Germania	a region of central Europe north of the Danube & east of the Rhine never under Roman control	16
11071016818	Period of Warring States	a time when the China was in constant war between its city states, occurring right after the fall Zhou dynasty & not ending until the formation of the Qin dynasty	17
11071038726	Greco-Persian Wars	Series of battles and conflicts between the Greek City-States and the Persian Empire	18
11071146863	Silk Road	Connected China, India, and the Middle East. Traded goods and helped to spread culture.	19
11071173127	Sea Lanes	Silk road also included ______ -linked china w southeast asian islands, indian, -linked India w persia, arabia, & mediterranean	20
11071182281	ethical/rational philosophy	focusing less on supernatural & more on the logic & the physical world	21
11071189415	Hellenism	the spread of Greek culture throughout the Mediterranean world after the conquest of Alexander the Great	22
11071192276	Syncretism	a blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith	23
11071252540	Tragedy Plays	Stories that depicted human suffering and usually ended with disaster.	24
11071261658	Pax Romana	A period of peace & prosperity throughout the Roman Empire	25
11071262992	Filial Piety	respect shown by children for their parents and elders (confucian thought)	26
11071266391	Daodejing	The central text of Daoism; translated as The Way and Its Power.	27
11071268319	Legalism	Chinese philosophy developed by Hanfeizi; taught that humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh laws & strict punishments	28
11071272208	Canals	human made waterways, contributed to the rise of industrialization.	29
11071275822	ancestor worship	honoring ancestors through rituals, such as offering food and wine to the dead	30
11071280824	Monoasticism	The practice of living the life of a monk	31
11071283023	Epic Poem	a long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero (legends)	32
11071289448	Caste System in India	held that a person's socio-economic status was hereditary	33
11071291925	forced labor		34
11071304463	Eunuch	a castrated man (so palace wives couldn't get pregnant by others)	35
11071308331	Yellow Turban Rebellion	A major Chinese peasant revolt that began in 184 C.E. and helped cause the fall of the Han dynasty. (Characterized by the yellow scarves around their heads)	36
11071340489	Ritual Purity in India	Notion of ritual purity& pollution applied to caste groups. If you touched or came in contact by an untouchable, you were considered ritually unclean	37
11071346220	Dhows	Large ships favored by Indian, Persian, and Arab sailors that could carry up to four hundred tons of cargo.	38
11071347631	Teotihuacan	first major metropolis in Mesoamerica, collapsed around 800 CE. It is most remembered for the gigantic "pyramid of the sun". (in modern day mexico)	39
11071355604	Scholar-gentry	The Chinese class of well-educated men from whom many bureaucrats were chosen. Twin sources of privilege from wealth & education.	40
11071360826	Sudra	member of the fourth-highest caste grouping, made up of farmers and people who did manual work (part of Indian Hindu Society)	41
11071368737	vaisya	the third highest caste that was made up of merchants and commoners, twice born	42
11071371376	Kshatriyas	The warrior and aristocrat varna of the caste system. twice born	43
11071373854	Untouchables	LOWEST LEVEL OF INDIAN SOCIETY; not considered a real part of the caste system; often given degrading jobs; their life was extremely difficult	44
11071375611	latifundia	huge estates bought up by newly wealthy Roman citizens	45
11071380134	tribute	$ paid by one country to another in return for protection	46
11071381770	lateen sails	Triangular sail on a short mast	47
11071725266	infrastructure	the basic framework of a building or a system	48
11071743700	Moche Civilization	(Also known as the Mochica) flourished along the northern coast and valleys of ancient Peru	49
11071749757	pueblo	a communal village built by Indians in the southwestern United States	50
11071751958	Batwa	Forest-dwelling people of Central Africa	51
11071761276	Mound Builders	Native American groups who built earthen mounds	52
11071763437	Meroe	center of the kush dynasty, capital of southern nubia, from about 250 B.C. to A.D. 150; known for its manufacture of iron weapons and tools.	53
11071768617	Monsoons	seasonal wind patterns that cause wet and dry seasons	54
11071769647	Qanat systems	A water management system used to provide a reliable supply of water for human settlements and irrigation in hot, arid and semi-arid climates.	55
11071771004	Jenne-Jeno	One of the first urbanized centers in western Africa. A walled community home (50k ppl) & had domestication of agriculture & trade with nearby regions.	56
11072014797	Cyrus the Great of Persia	Persian king & Founder of Persian Empire, allowed the Jews to return to their homeland	57
11072017693	Darius I	3rd ruler of the Persian Empire. -crushed widespread initial resistance to his rule & gave all major government posts to Persians rather than to Medes.	58
11072024787	Pericles	Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon.(husband to Aspasia)	59
11072057114	Socrates	Athenian philosopher who shifted thoughts to ethics and human behavior.	60
11072119933	Alexander the Great	King of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Egypt, and Persia	61
11072120832	Caesar	Emperor of Rome	62
11072124439	Spartacus	slave, trained as a gladiator, who led a rebellion against the roman army for slave freedom	63
11072129293	Qin Shihuangdi	Ruler of China who united China for the first time. - built roads & canals -began the Great Wall of China - imposed a standard system of laws, money, weights, & writing.	64
11072197123	Constantine	Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith & stopped the persecution of Christians	65
11072199765	Wang Mang	A Han court official who usurped the throne, noted for his reform movement that included the breakup of large estates. (had many reforms)	66
11072203314	Ezana	King of Axum in the early fourth century CE who established Christianity in his state.	67
11072206501	Sima Qian	Chief astrologer for the Han dynasty emperor Wu. -composed a monumental history of China from its legendary origins to his own time -is regarded as Chinese "father of history"	68
11072223583	Plato	Socrates' most well known pupil. Founded an academy in Athens.	69
11072224588	Aristotle	A Greek Philosopher, taught Alexander the Great, started a famous school, studied with Plato	70
11072226020	Herodotus	the ancient Greek known as the father of history	71
11072227437	Wudi	Chinese emperor who brought the Han dynasty to its greatest strength	72
11072229578	Ashoka	Leader of the Mauryan dynasty of India who converted to Buddhism.	73
11072234005	Ban Zhou	made a book that counseled women to serve men and advocated education for girls starting at age 8	74
11072236682	Saint Paul	The first great popularizer of Christianity	75
11072236683	Theodosius	Emperor of the Roman Empire who made Christianity the official religion	76
11072239438	Empress Wu	only woman to rule China, expanded the empire & supported Buddhism during the Tang Dynasty.	77
11072281829	Persian Empire (Archaemenid Empire)	Mesopotamian empire that conquered the existing Median, Lydian, and Babylonian empires, as well as Egypt and many others.	78
11072291780	Greek Polis Civilization	Ancient Greek city-states	79
11072294099	Qin Dynasty	established the first centralized imperial government & built much of the Great Wall	80
11072335669	Han Dynasty	imperial dynasty that ruled China -expanded its boundaries -developed its bureaucracy	81
11072337587	Roman Republic	the period during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate.	82
11072339698	Roman Empire	an empire established by Augustus in 27 BC and divided in AD 395 into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern or Byzantine Empire	83
11072362145	Maurya Empire	Indian empire founded by Chandragupta, beginning with his kingdom in northeastern India and spreading to most of northern and central India	84
11072364201	Gupta Empire	Golden Age of India; ruled through central government but allowed village power; restored Hinduism	85
11072365519	Mayan Civilization	American civilization located in Central America that saw its height from 200-900 CE.	86