Chapter 8 AP World History Flashcards
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| 7694875910 | Importance of Mecca | -Caravan City for trading due to location -Place of Pilgrimage to see Ka'ba | 0 | |
| 7694882166 | Muhammad's revelations | -Wife worked so he could pray and receive the words of god -Told that he should be god's messenger | 1 | |
| 7694882167 | Seljuk Empire | -Made up of Turks -Located in Northern Afghanistan to Baghdad, slowly went into Syria and Anatolia (Byzantine Empire) -Not good at controlling large amounts of land -Agriculture suffered, west bank of Tigris was destroyed, irrigation works suffered | 2 | |
| 7694892885 | Umma | -Community of all muslims (saw something similar in Europe for other religions) -Created when Muhammad and his followers was sent away for Mecca | 3 | |
| 7694894918 | Decline of Abbasid Dynasty | -Fell to the Mongols -In 1258 in Baghdad | 4 | |
| 7694897175 | Islam after Muhammad's death | -Division of Islam into 2 different religious sects -New leader is chosen because he didn't have a son to follow in his footsteps | 5 | |
| 7694897176 | Abbasid Golden Age | -Literacy works -Example is Arabian Nights | 6 | |
| 7694910595 | Umayyad capital | -Damascus | 7 | |
| 7694912820 | Sects of Islam | Sunni: community should chose leadership Shi'ites: hereditary; descendant of Muhammad | 8 | |
| 7694915565 | Geographic regions dominated by Islam | -Arabian Peninsula -Small amount of Egypt -Khurasan, Omen, Yemen to Armenia -VERY dry, area avoided in central arabian peninsula | 9 | |
| 7694915632 | Founder of Umayyad Caliphate | -Begins when the ruler, governor of Syria, Mu'awiya passes down the power to his son Yazid | 10 | |
| 7732238794 | What was the division in the Islamic community about and who were the groups involved? | -The division occurred when two groups had different opinions as to how a leader should be chosen (by family or chosen by people) | 11 | |
| 7732243468 | In what region was the Sassanid Empire? | -Located in present day Iraq | 12 | |
| 7732257988 | What holy shrine is located in Mecca? According to the stories connected with it, who built the shrine and what happened near the site? | -Holy shrine= Ka'ba -Built by Abraham -Outside of the shrine is known as the area where God asked Abraham to sacrifice his son. | 13 | |
| 7732265434 | Who/What was revealed to Muhammad? | -Angel named Gabriel -Told him to spread the word that God created the world and everything in it. | 14 | |
| 7732270622 | Muhammad's teachings seem to be in agreement with what religions? | -Christianity and Judaism | 15 | |
| 7732277643 | What was Muhammad's flight to Medina called? | -Hijra | 16 | |
| 7732284576 | What did the supremacy of the Median state depend on? | -Common faith in a single god | 17 | |
| 7732291460 | Who was Muhammad's successor and what was his title? | -His wife's father -Called the "Khalifa" (successor) | 18 | |
| 7732294773 | List the 5 pillars of Islam. | 1. There is only one God and Muhammad is his messenger. 2. Pray 5 times a day. 3.Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. 4. Paying alms. 5. Making pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in lifetime. | 19 | |
| 7732299205 | What is the Quran? | -Book that is made of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad (sacred text of Islamic religion) | 20 | |
| 7732305223 | Why was the Battle of Camel fought? | -Ali accepted a nomination to be caliph -Two of Muhammad's companions and wife A'isha challenged him | 21 | |
| 7732310097 | What happened as a result of Husayn's death? | -Sympathy for his death helped to transform Shi'ism from a political movement to a religious sect. | 22 | |
| 7732319369 | Who are the Ahl al-Sunna wa 'l-Jama's or Sunni for short? | -Muslims who belong to a branch of Islam that believe that the community should select its own leadership (majority religion in most Islamic countries) | 23 | |
| 7732332336 | 5 regions/countries conquered by the Muslim caliphs. | -Syria and Egypt, Tunisia, Spain, Indus Valley, Sub-saharan Africa, India, and Antolia | 24 | |
| 7719993978 | What caused the unrest that led to the fall of the Umayyad caliphate? | -750 C.E. -When Shi'ites and Kharijites attacked the Unamyyads due to social unrest (because of the Arab social domination) | 25 | |
| 7732344008 | Why was the Abassid period called a "golden age''? | -Supported the arts and scholars -Respect for cultural heritage of conquered lands (translation of Greek texts and preservation of Classical and Hellenistic knowledge) -Math, medicine, astronomy | 26 | |
| 7732348910 | Why did the Abassid caliphate decline in power? | -Conversion to Islam began to accelerate, slow travel, many revolts, and Persians and Turks began to take high powered positions | 27 | |
| 7732358860 | After failing to reform their government and military, the Abassid Caliphate fell under the influence of whom? | -Under rude mountain warriors from Daylam in northern Iran (Shi'ite Buyid family) | 28 | |
| 7732366000 | What cultures were blended together in Umayyad Spain? | -Roman -Germanic -Jewish -in addition to Arabs and Berbers | 29 | |
| 7732370925 | Who were the Ulama? | -Muslim religious scholars who interpreted Islamic law and the social care of Muslim urban societies | 30 | |
| 7732394144 | Describe the change in economy, government involvement in religious matters, and population during the reign of Seljuk Turks. | -Economy: >Agriculture was over run by farmers >No agriculture= nothing to trade -Religious Matter: >Turks didn't participate >Gov. allowed fights to occur between 2 sects -Population: >Irrigation suffered (lack of care and management) >Loss in numbers due to little production of agriculture >Large slave captivity | 31 | |
| 7732399158 | Who recaptured Jerusalem from the European Crusaders? | -Saladin in 1187 C.E. | 32 | |
| 7732399159 | What is Shari'a? | -Law of Islam which provided the foundations of Islamic civilizations | 33 | |
| 7732408327 | What did the hadith deal with? What was the problem with the hadith? | - Hadith was a guide to understand the words and deeds of Muhammad -Issue: some stories didn't originate from Muslim religious traditions. | 34 | |
| 7732420658 | Why did converts to Islam face discrimination if they remained in their Christian, Jewish or Zoroastrian communities? And how could they avert discrimination? | -Religion was a main component of social identity -Could be prevented if they moved (No taxes and more economic opportunities) | 35 | |
| 7732435247 | What helped facilitate long-distance trade and integrate rural areas in the economy? | -Abundance of coinage | 36 | |
| 7732439477 | Who influenced Muslim science and technology? | - Ibn al-Haytham (physicist and mathematician) | 37 | |
| 7732445281 | Describe 4 aspects of the life of urban women. | -Covered fully with clothing before leaving the house -Important family role, but not in public -Learned education in private of home -Better legal rights (inheritance of $ and could own land) | 38 | |
| 7732452519 | What are Sufis and what was a common doctrine of Sufism? | -Brotherhood /mystic group (Sufism) -Quest for a sense of union with God through rituals and training | 39 |