AP World History AMSCO Chapter 3 Flashcards

11060700997	Herodotus	First great Greek historian.	0
11060700999	Homer	A Greek poet.	1
11060701000	Iliad and Odyssey	An epic poem composed by Homer.	2
11060701002	Plato	Student of Socrates, wrote The Republic about the perfectly governed society.	3
11060701004	Aristotle	One of Plato's students, who became a famous Athenian philosopher.	4
11060701010	Euripides and Sophocles	A Greek playwright.	5
11060701012	Parthenon	A great temple in Athens.	6
11060701015	Socrates	An influential Greek thinker.	7
11060701016	Socratic Method	Continually asking questions to systematically clarify another person's ideas and to identify the core of them.	8
11060701017	Academy	School opened by Plato.	9
11060701019	Logic	The science of the formal principles of reasoning.	10
11060701020	Empiricism	Trusting what one learned from observation and evidence of the senses.	11
11060701021	Syncretic	Combining ideas from diffferent sources.	12
11060701022	Zoroastrianism	A Persian religion based on the belief of one god.	13
11060701025	Cyrus the Great	King of Persia and founder of the Persian empire.(circa 600-529 BC)	14
11060701028	Darius I	Persian emperor who organized and expanded the empire.	15
11060701029	Xerxes	Son of Darius, who took the throne, invaded Greece, and was eventually defeated.	16
11060701031	Philip II	Resolved to conquer and unite the Greek city-states and then conquer Asia Minor.	17
11060701032	Alexander the Great	King of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Egypt, and Persia.	18
11060701033	Solon	A reform-minded aristocrat who lived in the sixth century B.C.E., became known as a wise ruler who improved life in Athens.	19
11060701034	Pericles	Perhaps the most famous name of all in the Greek government, whose period of rule in Athens is sometimes called the Golden Age.	20
11060701036	Polis	Greek city-states.	21
11060701037	Monarchies	A king ruled the state.	22
11060701038	Aristocracy	Nobles ruled.	23
11060701039	Oligarchy	A few landowners and merchants ruled.	24
11060701040	Tyrants	Leaders who seized power with the people's support.	25
11060701041	Democracy	All citizens participated.	26
11060701042	Direct Democracy	A government in which all citizens could vote directly on laws and other issued in a large assembly.	27
11060701043	Representative Democracy	Citizens elect leaders to represent them and give those leaders powers to make laws and govern.	28
11060701044	Crete	A Greek island in the Aegean Sea.	29
11060701045	Knossos	For a while, the wealthiest city on the Aegean Sea.	30
11060701046	Minoan Civilization	An advanced civilization that developed on the island of Crete around 2500 B.C.E.	31
11060701047	Mycenae	A city on the mainland of Greece.	32
11060701050	Persian Wars	Wars between Greece and the Persian Empire.	33
11060701051	Marathon	City in mainland Greece.	34
11060701052	Battle of Thermopylae	Battle during which 300 Spartans fought thousands of Persian soldiers in a narrow mountain pass. Persians won.	35
11060701054	Persians	Conquered most of the lands from the Aegean Sea to the borders of India.	36
11060701059	Athens	Powerful Greek polis. Remembered for its political and intellectual achievements.	37
11060701060	Sparta	Powerful Greek polis. Remembered for creating a military society.	38
11060701061	Alexandria	City in Egypt founded by Alexander the Great, center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization.	39
11060701062	Hellenistic Period	323-31 B.C.E.	40
11060701063	Hoplites	Infantry members.	41
11060701065	Helots	Slaves.	42
11060701066	Satraps	A ruler of a province who was responsible to the emperor, not to local leaders.	43
11060701067	Aristocrats	Rich landowners.	44
11060701068	Merchants	People who buy and sell goods.	45
11060701071	Common Currency	A form of money that was accepted across the Persian Empire; made trade simpler.	46
11060701072	Royal Road	Spanned some 1,500 miles across the Persian Empire, was the most famous of the network of roads built to encourage trade.	47