AP World History: Chapter 6 terms Flashcards

11138095866	Ancestral Pueblo	House built out of sun dried bricks and usually into the side of cliffs. Used in the Americas. They were in the four corners. Built by Anasazi, a people who established a mixed agricultural and gathering/hunting society in the southwestern part of North America.	0
11138095868	"Semi sedentary"	People in North America that farmed in poor soil so they had to move around a lot within their boundaries.	1
11138095871	Axum	Definition: Classical-era kingdom of East Africa, in present-day Eritrea and northern Ethiopia; flourished from 100 to 600 C.E. Relied on highly productive agriculture with plow-based farming; also an African empire with a strong naval and trading force. The empire was brought down due to environmental problems. Significance: A part at Adulis and used taxes to gain revenue from other empires. They didn't rely on hoe and digging stick.	2
11138095873	Niger Valley Civilization	Definition: Distinctive city-based civilization that flourished from about 300 B.C.E. to about 900 C.E. in the floodplain of the middle Niger and that included major cities like Jenne-jeno; the Niger Valley civilization is particularly noteworthy for its apparent lack of centralized state structures, having been organized instead in clusters of economically specialized settlements. Significance: Led to the uprising of Jenne-jeno	3
11138095874	Maya Civilization	Definition: Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Known for the only fully developed written language of the Pre-columbian Americas. Significance: Resembled the competing city-states of Mesopotamia and written language. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar (height from 200-900 CE).	4
11138095875	Teotihuacan	Definition: The largest city of pre-Columbian America, with a population between 100,000 and 200,000; seemingly built to a plan in the Valley of Mexico, Teotihuacán flourished between 300 and 600 C.E., during which time it governed or influenced much of the surrounding region. The name Teotihuacán is an Aztec term meaning "city of the gods." The first major metropolis in Mesoamerica in what is today Mexico; collapsed around 800 CE. It is most remembered for the gigantic "pyramid of the sun". Significance: Had long-distance trade which enabled them to live a more luxurious life.	5
11138095876	Chavín (pron. cha-BEAN) de Huantar	Definition: The first major urban civilization in South America (900-250 BCE). Its capital was located high in the Andes Mountains of what is today called Peru. Significance: Religious movement within class system of elites; dedicated to jaguar, crocodile, and snake deities that helped to unify coastal and highland Peru. Decline due to famine and drought.	6
11138095877	Moche	Definition: Important regional civilization of Peru from about 100 C.E. to 800 C.E., governed by warrior-priests. Significance: An important Andean civilization that built extensive irrigation networks as well as impressive urban centers dominated by brick temples. Farmed maize, beans, and squash adopted from Mesoamerica. Elites lived luxuriously, prisoners and poor were sacrificed in rituals.	7
11138095878	Wari and Tiwanaku	Definition: Civilizations in Andes Mountains before Inca Empire. Significance: Almost opposites, the Wari used irrigation for agriculture and Tiwanaku farmed. The Wari depended on the Tiwanaku.	8
11138095884	Hopewell culture	Named from its most important site (in present-day Ohio), this is the most elaborate and widespread of the North American mound-building cultures; flourished from 200 B.C.E. to 400 C.E.	9
11138095885	Mound Builders	Members of any of a number of cultures that developed in North America east of the Mississippi River in what is now the United States and that are distinguished by their large earthen mounds that served as elaborate burial places, built during the period 2000 B.C.E. - 1250 C.E. Major city was Cahokia.	10
11138095886	Nazca (pron. NAHZ-kah)	A civilization of southern coastal Peru, the Nazca became famous for their underground irrigation channels and their gigantic and mysterious lines in the desert in the form of monkeys, birds, spiders, and other designs.	11
11138095887	pueblo	"Great house" of the Ancestral Pueblo people; a large, apartment building-like structure that could house hundreds of people.	12
11138095888	"semi-sedentary"	Term frequently used to describe the peoples of the eastern woodlands of the United States, Central America, the Amazon basin, and the Caribbean islands who combined partial reliance on agriculture with gathering and hunting.	13
11138095889	Meroë	Capital of a flourishing kingdom in southern Nubia from the 300 BCE to 100 CE. In this period Nubian culture shows more independence from Egypt and the influence of sub-Saharan Africa. Governed by female and male monarchs. Gained its wealth through long-distance trade.Deforestation contributed to its decline.	14
11138095896	Mesoamerican Agriculture	Agriculture in Central American primarily focused around maize, beans, chili peppers, and squash.	15
11138095897	Mesoamerican Trade	Back as far as the Olmecs, Central America peoples traded things like jade, serpentine, obsidian tools, ceramic pottery, shell ornaments, stingray spines, and turtle shells.	16
11138095898	Maya Writing	The Mayans wrote on stone, bark paper, and on deerskin.	17
11138095899	Tikal	The largest ancient Mayan city in the northern part of what is today Guatemala; traded items were jade, gold, shells, feathers, and cacao (as well as food like maize, beans, and squash). Built in 9th century C.E. Population was roughly 50,000.	18
11138095902	Tiwanaku	Name of capital city and empire centered on the region near Lake Titicaca in modern Bolivia (375-1000 C.E.).	19
11138095903	Anasazi	Important culture of what is now the southwest of the US (700- 1100 C.E.). Centered on Chaco Canyon in New Mexico and Mesa Verde in Colorado; they built multistory residences and worshiped in subterranean buildings called kivas.	20
11138095904	Pueblo Bonito	Important great house in Chaco canyon; trade networks linked together various pueblos that traded things like buffalo hides, copper, turquoise, seashells, macaw feathers, and coiled baskets.	21
11138095905	Cahokia	The dominant center of an important Mississippi valley mound-building culture, located near present-day St. Louis, Missouri; flourished from about 900 to 1250 C.E. It produced staples for urban consumers, and in return, its crafts were exported inland by porters and to North American markets in canoes.	22