AP World History - Key Terms Ch. 9 Flashcards

11581409422	Au Lushan	Foreign-born general who led a major revolt against the Tang dynasty in 755-763, perhaps provoking China's turn to xenophobia	0
11581416566	Bushido	The "way of the warrior," referring to the military virtues of the Japanese samurai, including bravery, loyalty, and an emphasis on death over surrender	1
11581431001	Chinese Buddhism	Buddhism was China's only large-scale cultural borrowing before the twentieth century; Buddhism entered China from India in the first and second centuries C.E. but only became popular in 300-800 C.E. through a series of cultural accommodations. At first supported by the state, Buddhism suffered persecution during the ninth century but continued to play a role in Chinese society.	2
11581434577	Chu Nom	A variation of Chinese writing developed in Vietnam that became the basis for an independent national literature; "southern script."	3
11581435750	Foot Binding	Chinese practice of tightly wrapping girls' feet to keep them small, begun in the Tang dynasty; an emphasis on small size and delicacy was central to views of female beauty.	4
11581438888	Hangul	A phonetic alphabet developed in Korea in the fifteenth century	5
11581441311	Hangzhou	China's capital during the Song dynasty, with a population of more than a million people.	6
11581442423	Heian	Japan's second capital city (now known as Kyoto), modeled on the Chinese capital of Chang'an; also used to describe the period of Japanese history from 794 to 1192 C.E.	7
11581443168	Jurchen	A nomadic people who established a state that included parts of northern China (1115-1234).	8
11581446279	Kami	Sacred spirits of Japan, whether ancestors or natural phenomena; their worship much later came to be called Shinto.	9
11581447549	Khitan	A nomadic people who established a state that included parts of northern China (907-1125).	10
11581452697	Koryo	Korean dynasty (918-1392)	11
11581458978	Kumsong	The capital of Korea in the medieval era, modeled on the Chinese capital of Chang'an	12
11581461776	Murasaki Shikibu	Perhaps Japan's greatest author, a woman active at the Heian court who is best known for The Tale of Genji, which she wrote around 1000 C.E.	13
11581463053	Nara	Japan's first capital city, modeled on the Chinese capital of Chang'an.	14
11581466225	Neo-Confucianism	A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China; it revived Confucian thinking while adding in Buddhist and Daoist elements.	15
11581468602	Pure Land Buddhism	A school of Buddhism that proved to be immensely popular in China; emphasized salvation by faith in the Amitabha Buddha.	16
11581471061	Samurai	Members of Japan's warrior class, which developed as political power became increasingly decentralized.	17
11581474911	Shotoku Taishi	Japanese statesman (572-622) who launched the drive to make Japan into a centralized bureaucratic state modeled on China; he is best known for the Seventeen Article Constitution, which lays out the principles of this reform.	18
11581476465	Silla Dynasty	The first ruling dynasty to bring a measure of political unity to the Korean peninsula (688-900).	19
11581479752	Song Dynasty Economic Revolution	A major economic quickening that took place in China under the Song dynasty (960-1279); marked by rapid population growth, urbanization, economic specialization, the development of an immense network of internal waterways, and a great increase in industrial production and innovation.	20
11581484798	Sui Dynasty	Ruling dynasty of China (581-618) that effectively reunited the country after several centuries of political fragmentation.	21
11581486078	Tang Dynasty	Ruling dynasty of China from 618 to 907; noted for its openness to foreign cultural influences.	22
11581490118	Tanka	Highly stylized form of Japanese poetry that has been a favored means of expression for centuries.	23
11581491351	Tribute System	Chinese method of dealing with foreign lands and peoples that assumed the subordination of all non-Chinese authorities and required the payment of tribute—produce of value from their countries—to the Chinese emperor (although the Chinese gifts given in return were often much more valuable).	24
11581493269	Trung Sisters	Two Vietnamese sisters who launched a major revolt against the Chinese presence in Vietnam in 39 C.E.; the rebellion was crushed and the sisters committed suicide, but they remained symbols of Vietnamese resistance to China for centuries.	25
11581495015	Uighurs	Turkic empire of the steppes; flourished in eighth century CE	26
11581498293	Wendi, Emperor	Sui emperor (r. 581-604) who particularly patronized Buddhism.	27
11581501435	Xiongnu	Major nomadic confederacy that was established ca. 200 B.C.E. and eventually reached from Manchuria to Central Asia.	28
11581503127	Yi	Korean dynasty (1392-1910).	29